我国报废汽车回收利用法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 16:16

本文选题：汽车报废　切入点：回收利用　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来，伴随着我国汽车保有量的不断增长，报废汽车的数量也急剧激增。一方面，报废汽车随意处置将造成严重的环境污染与破坏；另一方面，汽车报废仅是其作为交通工具的使用价值丧失，但报废汽车当中所蕴含的大量再生资源完全可以通过有效的资源回收渠道与方式重新投入社会生产当中。从应然层面来讲，法律的制度性约束对于建立一套合理高效的汽车报废回收利用体系、解决报废汽车无序处置所引发的环境污染与资源浪费问题具有重要的意义。但目前我国以《报废汽车回收管理办法》为核心的、规范报废汽车回收处置的相关法律法规普遍制定时间较早且存在较大的制度漏洞，对于实践当中报废汽车回收及再利用责任主体缺失、行政监管乏力、再利用模式滞后等具体问题的解决缺乏有效的制度保障，成为掣肘报废汽车资源化回收利用问题的一大瓶颈。针对上述问题，本文主要从以下四个部分进行具体论述：第一部分通过理论与实践两个维度对完善报废汽车回收利用法律制度的正当性与必要性进行分析，其中所论及的“循环经济理论”与“产品导向型环境政策理论”所体现的思想贯穿于文章整体，是指引和完善相关法律制度的理论基石。第二部分撷取域外国家和地区的先进立法经验，通过对欧盟、日本以及我国台湾地区相关法律内容及典型制度分析，抽象得出延伸生产者责任、加强行业行政监管以及建立合理的激励机制是解决汽车报废回收利用问题的有效途径。第三部分着重对目前我国汽车报废回收利用法律法规的立法沿革及法律运行中具体制度进行梳理与检视，通过对目前法律运行的实际效果剖析得出我国汽车报废回收利用法律存在的主要制度困境，即汽车生产者责任承担制度缺失、行业行政监管制度失范、汽车零部件再制造制度滞后以及经济激励制度不足等。具体而言，汽车生产者责任承担不足主要表现为生产者源头预防责任的缺失以及生产者的实际回收责任承担不足两个方面；行政监管制度失范主要表现为不同监管主体之间缺乏有效的沟通协调机制以及国家对汽车回收处理企业的监管缺乏相应的信息技术保障等具体的监管漏洞；汽车零部件再制造制度滞后主要包括再制造毛坯原料来源受限,以及再制造行为的知识产权法律属性界定模糊等具体的制度缺陷；经济激励制度不足主要是国家对于报废汽车车主和报废汽车回收处理企业等不同主体的经济激励缺失导致实践中报废汽车回收处理网络运行不畅。第四部分是整篇文章的核心，旨在通过对上述三个部分论述的基础上探索出我国汽车报废回收利用法律制度完善的具体进路，包括落实生产者责任延伸制度、回收处理行业监管制度的重构、大力推行零部件再制造制度以及建立回收处理基金制度等。首先，生产者责任延伸制度的落实主要通过完善市场准入制度及构建符合我国具体国情的回收模式等具体措施的施行来落实生产者的预防责任、回收责任、经济责任及信息责任；其次，，行业监管制度的完善主要从部际联席会议制度、信息化的监管制度以及现场检查制度的完善等方面对行业监管进行制度与技术层面的综合考量；再次，报废汽车零部件再制造制度的推进主要包括发展报废汽车零部件“以旧换再”制度以及完善再制造零部件专利权授权许可制度等；最后，回收处理基金制度主要通过报废汽车回收处理基金的来源及缴纳方式、基金的运营及监督管理、基金的用途及功能等进行分析，以期通过回收处理基金制度促进报废汽车回收处理体系整体的顺利运行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with China's car ownership is growing, the number of scrapped cars also surged sharply. On the one hand, at the disposal of scrap cars will cause serious environmental pollution and destruction; on the other hand, is the only car scrapping for transportation use value loss, but a large number of recycling scrap cars which contains can through recycling channels and effective way to re-enter the social production. From theoretical perspective, the legal system restriction for the establishment of a reasonable and efficient automobile scrap recycling system, plays an important role in solution of environmental pollution and waste of resources is caused by the disorder of disposal of scrapped automobiles. But at present in our country in "the measures on the administration of scrap car recycling as the core, related laws and regulations to regulate the disposal of scrapped cars generally established earlier and there is a big system. Practice for loopholes, scrap auto recycling and reuse of the lack of responsibility, administrative supervision, lack of an effective system of protection reuse mode lag problem specific constraints become a major bottleneck, scrap car recycling resource utilization problem. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly discusses from the following four parts:
The first part through the analysis of two dimensions to improve the scrap car recycling legal system of the legitimacy and necessity of theory and practice, which deals with the "circular economy theory" and "product oriented environmental policy theory" embodies the ideas throughout the whole theoretical foundation to guide and improve the relevant legal system.
The second part from foreign countries and regions of the advanced legislative experience, through the analysis of the EU, Japan and Taiwan of China related legal content and typical system, the abstract that extended producer responsibility, strengthen industry supervision administration and the establishment of a reasonable incentive mechanism is an effective way to solve the problem of the automobile scrap recycling.
The third part focuses on the present our country automobile recycling system specific legislative history and legal laws and regulations in operation by combing with the view, the main system of the present predicament of actual effect of the operation of legal analysis of China's automobile scrap recycling law, namely the automobile producers responsibility system deficiencies, the industry administrative supervision system anomie auto parts remanufacturing system, lag and lack of economic incentive system. Specifically, the automobile producer liability mainly for the actual recovery of lack of responsibility and responsibility of the producers to prevent producers bear two deficiencies; administrative supervision system anomie mainly for the different regulatory body between the lack of effective communication and coordination mechanisms and countries specific to the automotive recycling enterprises lack of information technology security corresponding etc. Regulatory loopholes; auto parts remanufacturing system lag mainly includes remanufacture limited sources of raw materials, as well as intellectual property legal attribute of remanufacturing behavior defined fuzzy system defect specific economic incentive system; lack of state is mainly for scrap vehicle owners and scrap car recycling enterprises and other economic incentives lack of different subjects in practice scrap the Automotive Recycling network operation is not smooth.
The fourth part is the core of the paper, through the basis of the above three parts on the exploration of China's automobile scrap recycling specific ways to perfect law system, including the implementation of extended producer responsibility system, recovery reconstruction processing industry regulatory system, vigorously promote remanufacturing system and establish a recycling fund system first. The implementation of extended producer responsibility system, mainly through the improvement of market access system and the construction of recycling mode and other specific measures in accordance with the specific conditions of China's implementation of the producer responsibility to implement the prevention and recovery of responsibility, economic responsibility and information responsibility; secondly, improve the industry supervision system mainly from the inter ministerial joint conference system, information system and supervision the on-site inspection system and other aspects of comprehensive consideration of system and technical level of industry regulation; thirdly, newspaper The system of auto parts remanufacturing waste scrap auto parts including the development of promoting the "older" system and improve the parts remanufacturing patent license system; finally, recycling fund system mainly through the source of scrap automobile recycling and disposal of funds to pay the way, operation and supervision of funds, fund use and function to analyze, in order to promote the end-of-life vehicle recycling system overall smooth running through the recycling fund system.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.471;F713.2;D922.294

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