凉伞猪种质资源保护及开发利用的调查

发布时间：2018-03-13 15:40

本文选题：凉伞猪　切入点：遗传资源　出处：《湖南农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：凉伞猪是湖南省黔邵花猪的一个类群,属肉脂兼用型猪种,体型中等偏小,体质较结实,躯体结构匀称,其特点是耐粗饲,耐寒暑,抗逆性强。繁殖性能较好,产仔数高。由于相比商品猪生长速度较慢,瘦肉率和养殖经济效益不高,加上对其品种资源保护力度不够,从而导致纯种凉伞猪数量急剧下降,面临资源丢失的危险。因此,应当采取必要资源保护措施,以防止资源丢失,保护好凉伞猪遗传资源并开发利用好这一资源显得尤为重要。通过大量的文献检索、深入乡镇走访、多层面的座谈讨论,对凉伞猪品种资源状况、品种资源开发及利用进行调查研究,得出凉伞猪可作为优秀的畜种资源,是新晃发展特色农业,实现农民增收的重要遗传资源的结果,根据研究结果对保护及开发利用工作开展中出现的问题,提出相应对策及措施。调查结果表明： 1、凉伞猪是优良地方品种资源。凉伞猪耐粗饲,耐寒暑,适应力强,繁殖性能较好,产仔数高,窝均产仔12.6头；杂交配合力好,杂种优势明显,杂交后代生长速度较纯种快,且肉质优良,口感鲜美。但是凉伞猪总体数量在减少,要保护好这一优良地方猪种,必须加强其遗传资源保护,并深入开展开发利用,在保护过程中合理开发利用资源,在开发利用过程中保护品种资源。 2、凉伞猪保种工作中存在的主要问题。凉伞猪产业建设基础薄弱,规模化、集约化养殖业发展相对滞后；资源保护认识上存在问题,缺乏品种登记管理,缺乏保护及开发利用长远规划,未能正确处理好保种与利用的关系；资金投入不足、科技投入不够导致种群数量下降,影响保种工作的进展。 3、凉伞猪种质资源保护及开发利用的对策和措施。建立凉伞猪原种繁育基地,确保保种经费与任务的落实；引进国内外优良品种对凉伞猪进行改良,通过杂交、纯繁固定、选育提高等环节,提高凉伞猪的生产性能,从而培育出新的优良品种;利用凉伞猪开展经济杂交,筛选出理想的杂交组合；加强凉伞猪的品种资源调查和鉴定工作促进对凉伞猪的认识和知识产权保护；加强凉伞猪的开发利用来促进保种工作。
[Abstract]:Liangyuan pig is a group of Guizhou Shaoxuhua pigs in Hunan province. It is a kind of pig with both meat and fat. It is of medium size, strong physique and well-proportioned body structure. It is characterized by tolerance to coarse feeding, cold and heat, strong resistance to stress, and good reproductive performance. The litter size is high. Compared with commercial pigs, the growth rate is slower, the lean meat rate and the economic benefit of breeding are not high, and the protection of the breed resources is not enough, which results in a sharp decline in the number of purebred colder pigs and the risk of resource loss. It is very important to take necessary measures to protect resources to prevent the loss of resources and to protect the genetic resources and develop and utilize the resources. Through a large number of literature searches, in-depth town visits, multi-level discussions, investigation and research on the status of breed resources, the development and utilization of breeding resources, it is concluded that Liangyuan pig can be used as an excellent animal resource. It is the result of Xinhuang developing characteristic agriculture and realizing the increase of farmers' income. According to the research results, the corresponding countermeasures and measures are put forward according to the problems in the work of protection, exploitation and utilization. The investigation results show that:. 1. Liangyuan pig is an excellent local variety resource. Liangyuan pig is tolerant to coarse feeding, cold and heat, strong adaptability, good reproductive performance, high litter size and average litter size of 12.6 piglets, good hybrid combining ability, obvious heterosis, and faster growth rate of hybrid progenies than pure breeds. The quality of meat is good and the taste is delicious. However, the total number of cool umbrella pigs is decreasing. In order to protect this fine local pig breed, we must strengthen the protection of its genetic resources, and further develop and utilize the resources in order to develop and utilize the resources reasonably in the course of conservation. Protect variety resources in the process of development and utilization. 2, the main problems existing in the conservation of Liangyuan pig. The construction foundation of Liangyuan pig industry is weak, the development of intensive breeding industry is relatively lagging behind, the problem of resource protection and understanding, and the lack of variety registration management, Lack of long-term planning for protection, development and utilization, failure to properly handle the relationship between species conservation and utilization, insufficient investment in funds and insufficient investment in science and technology lead to a decline in the number of species, which affects the progress of conservation work. 3. Countermeasures and measures to protect and develop the germplasm resources of Liangyuan pig. To establish breeding base of Liangyunan pig original breed, to ensure the implementation of fund and task of preservation, to introduce domestic and foreign fine varieties to improve Liangyuan pig, and to improve the breeding of Liangyuan pig by crossing and immobilization. In order to improve the production performance of Liangyuan pig, a new and excellent variety was developed, and the economic hybrid was carried out by using Liangyuan pig, and the ideal cross combination was screened out. To strengthen the investigation and identification of the breed resources of Liangyuan pig, to promote the understanding and intellectual property protection of the Langyuan pig, and to strengthen the development and utilization of the Langyuan pig to promote the conservation work.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S828

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