中国海关知识产权监管中疑难问题的研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 11:48

本文选题：海关监管　切入点：知识产权　出处：《宁波大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海关在进出境环节对货物进行侵犯知识产权监管，具体来说一个国家或地区的海关，在对货物、物品进行进出境日常的监督管理过程中，依照本国的法律法规确保所进出境的货物、物品不会侵犯受本国法律保护的知识产权。海关监管的目的，是为了保护知识产权权利人的合法权利，更是为了维护国际贸易的公平公正，促进本国与其他国家间的知识产权交流和发展。世贸组织的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》明确了知识产权海关监管的范围，但由于其规定的模糊性，给各国在执法过程中提供了选择的机会。使得世界各发达国家根据各国的具体情况进行选择性执法。中国“入世”的时间较晚，且是一个发展中国家，在“入世”谈判时不免被大国所绑架。中国海关对进出境货物进行知识产权监管，法定范围超出了《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的强制性最低标准，立足点也高于欧盟、美国等世界上一些发达国家，但如此高的立足点与中国海关的执法能力不相适应，，由此导致了中国海关在办理侵犯知识产权案件中一大堆疑难问题的出现，面对这些疑难问题，渐渐的我们远离了自己处事的基本原则。因为在实务中，通关效率也是海关考核的重要内容之一，同时还要兼顾知识产权权利人与进出境货物收发货人双方的权益。但是执法过程中疑难案件的办结是否预示着我国知识产权海关监管制度已经达到了完美呢？我们可能还是无法乐观。作者从海关现行的监管模式切入，采用比较分析法，通过实例分析和法理研究进行论述。因为中国海关在监管范围、监管方式、司法协作等方面存在法律规定不明确、不合理的问题，以及在平行进口、定牌加工性质上国人认识不统一的问题，还有原本应该与海关知识产权监管站在同一战壕的知识产权权利人，其为追究个体利益，运用监管存在的漏洞，置海关于尴尬之境的问题，使得中国海关维护公平正义的价值理念难以伸张。在这种情况下，中国海关应当从自身利益的长足发展出发，根据国家的基本国情，从各个层面着手应对，真正实现国际贸易的公平公正、和谐自由。在列举了海关日常监管中存在的问题之后，作者提出了改良建议。最终也是想确立一个既符合国际标准，又能最大限度保护知识产权权利人和国家正当利益的知识产权监管模式，在公平正义下趋利避害，努力建设一个国际与国内、海关与社会、权利人与社会大众共赢的环境，促使我国知识产权保护制度的进一步完善。
[Abstract]:In the entry and exit links, the Customs supervises the infringement of intellectual property rights on goods. Specifically, the customs of a country or region, in the course of daily supervision and administration of goods and articles in and out of the country, Ensure, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State, that goods and articles entering or leaving the country do not infringe upon intellectual property rights protected by the law of the State... the purpose of customs control is to protect the legitimate rights of the person who has the right to intellectual property, In order to safeguard the fairness and fairness of international trade and to promote the exchange and development of intellectual property rights between China and other countries, the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights of the World Trade Organization defines the scope of customs supervision of intellectual property rights. However, due to the ambiguity of its provisions, it provides countries with an opportunity to choose in the course of law enforcement and makes the developed countries in the world carry out selective law enforcement according to the specific conditions of each country. China's "accession to the WTO" is relatively late, and it is a developing country. During the WTO negotiations, they were inevitably kidnapped by big countries. The Chinese Customs has exercised intellectual property rights supervision over inward and outward goods. The legal scope of the law exceeds the mandatory minimum standards of the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips), and its foothold is also higher than that of the EU. Some developed countries in the world, such as the United States, but such a high foothold do not match the law enforcement capacity of the Chinese Customs, which has resulted in the emergence of a large number of difficult problems in handling intellectual property infringement cases by the Chinese Customs, and faced with these difficult problems. Gradually, we moved away from the basic principles of our own work. Because in practice, customs clearance efficiency is also an important part of customs assessment. At the same time, we should also take into account the rights and interests of both the owner of intellectual property rights and the consignor and consignee of inbound and outbound goods. However, does the conclusion of difficult cases in the course of law enforcement indicate that the customs supervision system of intellectual property rights in China has reached perfection? We may still be unable to be optimistic. The author uses comparative analysis, case analysis and jurisprudence to discuss from the current mode of customs supervision, because the Chinese Customs is in the scope of supervision and the mode of supervision. Judicial cooperation and other aspects of the legal provisions are not clear, unreasonable problems, as well as parallel imports, licensing processing in the nature of the Chinese people do not understand the problem of unity, There is also the problem of the holders of intellectual property rights who should have stood in the same trench as customs intellectual property supervision, in order to investigate the individual interests, use the loopholes existing in the supervision and put the customs in an awkward situation. This makes it difficult for the Chinese Customs to uphold the value of fairness and justice. In this case, the Chinese Customs should proceed from the rapid development of its own interests and proceed from various levels in the light of the basic national conditions of the country. After enumerating the problems existing in the daily customs supervision, the author puts forward some suggestions for improvement. Finally, he also wants to establish a system that conforms to the international standards. And the intellectual property supervision mode which can protect the intellectual property right holders and the legitimate interests of the state to the maximum extent, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages under the condition of fairness and justice, and strive to build a win-win environment between international and domestic, customs and society, right holders and the general public. To promote the further improvement of intellectual property protection system in China.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.5

【参考文献】