商标平行进口的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 17:20

本文选题：商标平行进口　切入点：法律规制　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在国际贸易中,平行进口现象由来已久。平行进口(Parallel Importation)一般是指未经知识产权人授权,将由权利人自己或经其同意投放某一特定市场的产品,进口至知识产权人或者独占被许可人所在的国家或者地区的行为。随着贸易全球化和投资自由化的加快、各国对知识产权保护的重视与加强,平行进口日益凸显,商标平行进口也越来越多地引起广泛的关注。由于所有的产品均与商标有着极高的相关性,而其他种类的知识产权,尤其是专利权,与商标权更是相互交错、密不可分的。另外,由于商标与发明创造和作品具有不同的价值来源和迥然不同的性质,在平行进口问题上的相应解决方法和依据也就不同。故本文以商标平行进口的法律规制作为专门的讨论对象。多边贸易体制的发展和知识产权国际保护加强是平行进口产生的制度性根源,不同国家之间的价格差则直接导致了平行进口的产生。进口的知识产权产品是否与权利人具有关联性是其最为关键的特征之一,更是判断国际贸易行为是否属于平行进口的核心要素。以关联性为标准,平行进口大致可以划分为自己投放型、同意投放型和同出一源型三类。通过这些关于平行进口的内涵、发生机制、表现及其分类的研究,对于厘清其与商标平行进口的关系从而正确认识商标平行进口,探究对商标平行进口的法律规制进而为司法实践提供法律依据有着举足轻重的意义。在商标产品的平行进口问题上,从目前国际贸易司法实践来看,对其法律规制最主要的依据为知识产权法,权利穷尽原则、地域性原则和默示许可原则等有关的知识产权法原则被引入,同时各国又在实践中对其进行了一定的创新和修正,并通过这些法律原则、理论形成的判例法或者成文法对平行进口进行规制。尽管具有与知识产权保护密不可分的特殊性,但知识产权法并不能涵盖平行进口所有的规制依据。当进口国权利人为保护私利而限制竞争的行为超出知识产权法保护范围时,反垄断法开始发挥作用。又因为随着贸易国际化的发展,国家间调整贸易条约越来越多,尽管并不直接针对平行进口,却对平行进口产生了一定的影响。因此,除知识产权法以外,反垄断法以及国际贸易条约都是构成商标平行进口的法律规制框架中的重要组成部分。目前国际上对商标平行进口并没有统一的法律规定,在如何对待商标平行进口问题上也没有理论上的定论。从美国、欧盟、日本和印度等国家和地区的有关平行进口的立法和司法实践来看,以“国际穷尽原则加例外”的规制方法成为了对商标平行进口规制的主流做法。但是,关于“例外”是如何规定的,各国又各有特色。通过与这些国家的比较借鉴,参考到我国有关商标平行进口的立法现状和相关的案件实践,提出了建立和完善我国商标平行进口法律规制体系的建议：循序渐进地将平行进口纳入《商标法》,在对其进行修改的过程中以国际穷尽为原则,兼采实质差异例外和独占许可人例外；充分发挥《反垄断法》及其他法律的作用,从而构建起以《商标法》为主体,《反垄断法》、《对外贸易法》等法律为补充的完善的有关商标平行进口的法律规制体系。
[Abstract]:In international trade, the phenomenon of parallel importation. The parallel import of long-standing (Parallel Importation) generally refers to intellectual property without authorization of the people, by the people who own the rights or consent by the delivery of a particular market products, imported into the intellectual property owner or exclusive licensee in countries or regions with accelerating behavior. The globalization of trade and investment liberalization, countries attach great importance to the protection of intellectual property rights and strengthen the parallel import of trademark parallel imports has become increasingly prominent, more and more attention.
Because all of our products have a high correlation with the trademark, and other types of intellectual property, especially the patent right and trademark right is mutually staggered, inseparable. In addition, due to the nature of trademark and inventions and works with different sources of value and totally different, on the issue of parallel importation method and basis the corresponding solution is also different. So this paper takes the legal regulation of trademark parallel imports as the object of discussion specifically.
The development of the multilateral trading system and strengthen the international protection of intellectual property is a system of parallel import sources and the price difference between different countries is a direct result of parallel imports of intellectual property is produced. The import of products with the right person whether the association is one of the most key characteristics, it is the judgment of international trade behavior whether to belong to the core elements of parallel import. With relevant standard, parallel imports can be roughly divided into himselfon type, and agreed to release the same source of three types of parallel imports. The connotation, mechanism, research findings and classification, to clarify its relationship with the trademark parallel import to a correct understanding of trademark research on legal regulation of parallel import of trademark parallel imports and provide a legal basis for the judicial practice has important significance.
In the parallel import of trademark products, from the current practice of international trade law, on the basis of the legal regulation is the main intellectual property rights law, the principle of exhaustion of rights, the principle of territoriality and implied license principle of intellectual property law principle is introduced, at the same time in the practice of the countries and made some innovations and correction, and through these legal principles, the formation of the theory of case law or statute law on the regulation of parallel imports.
Although the particularity of closely related with the protection of intellectual property rights, but intellectual property law does not cover all regulations on parallel import. When import rights and human protection or restrict competition behavior beyond the scope of protection of intellectual property law, antitrust law began to play a role. Because with the development of international trade, adjustment between countries more and more trade treaty, although not directly against parallel imports, but have a certain impact on parallel imports. Therefore, in addition to intellectual property law, antitrust law and international trade treaties are an important part of the legal regulation of trademark parallel imports in the framework.
The parallel import of trademark and no uniform law, there is no theoretical conclusion on how to deal with the parallel import of trademark issues. From the United States, European Union, Japan and India and other countries and regions about parallel import legislation and judicial practice, the regulation methods of international exhaustion and exception "become the mainstream approach to parallel import of trademark regulation. However, on the" exception "is how the provisions of the countries they have different characteristics. By comparison with these countries, reference to China's relevant legislation of parallel import of trademark and related cases in practice, put forward to establish and perfect the system of legal regulation of parallel import of trademark in China suggestion: step by step parallel import into the" trademark law ", in the process of making modifications to the international exhaustion principle and substantive difference exception and exclusive license We should give full play to the role of the "anti-monopoly law" and other laws, so as to build a complete legal regulation system which is supplemented by the trademark law as the main body, the anti-monopoly law and the foreign trade law.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.43

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