知识产权相关市场界定的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 19:42

本文选题：知识产权　切入点：相关市场界定　出处：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在漫长的反垄断司法实践中,相关市场界定的问题越来越受到各国人们的关注和重视,相关市场的界定问题已经成为反垄断案件经济分析的基础和关键。相关市场的使用,实质上是为了在反垄断执法中能够明确的对企业间的竞争进行界定。世界各国都在本国的司法实践中不断的对相关市场界定及其问题进行修改完善,最初的相关市场界定是对传统的相关产品市场问题进行阐述的,我国对相关市场界定的反垄断文件大部分也都是关于相关产品市场界定及其方法的规范,然而随着新经济产业的不断发展,技术和创新已经成为推动经济发展的主要动力。以技术和创新为代表的知识产权及其法律制度在新经济和社会的发展中作用也越发的凸显。因此在反垄断的司法实践中涉及到知识产权的案件越来越多,应用针对传统的相关产品市场的理论和方法来解决这些案件时显然不够准确,从而需要对知识产权领域的相关市场界定给予更深入的分析研究。我国的反垄断立法起步相对比较晚,对相关市场的界定也在很大程度上受到了其他国家的影响,尤其是美国。我国对知识产权领域的相关市场界定的反垄断文件更是少之又少,因此对知识产权的相关市场界定的研究对我国的反垄断执法具有重大的作用。知识产权本身具有一些和传统的产品不同的特征,因此需要对知识产权市场的界定及其方法进行重新的分析研究。根据美国颁布的《知识产权许可的反托拉斯指南》的规定,将知识产权市场分为产品市场、技术市场和创新市场。我国也按照这个分类将知识产权市场分为这三个部分,知识产权反托拉斯指南指出了对传统产品市场界定的方法仍然适用于知识产权市场。然而在具体的应用时由于知识产权本身具有和传统产品不同的特征,因此具体方法的使用中仍然需要进行区分。本文首先对知识产权的特征进行了分析,从整体上来看,知识产权具有专有性、时间性和地域性三个主要的特征。知识产权的这三方面的特征就导致了知识产权在成本结构、消费者转移难易程度、生产者转产的难易度从而导致潜在竞争者的数目以及相关区域市场等方面都和传统的产品市场有所区别。其次,本文分别从产品市场、技术市场和创新市场三部分分别论述相应的相关市场界定问题,这里的产品市场指的是利用专利技术生产出来的产品,这种产品是有形的产品,从这个意义上来说,它和一般的商品没有什么区别,对技术市场和创新市场的界定的阐述中,本文还分别引用了反垄断司法实践中的一些经典的案例,这有助于对技术和创新市场界定的分析。接下来就是本文分析的重点部分,即知识产权相关市场的界定方法。本文就是从传统的产品市场界定方法分析出发来比较这些方法在知识产权市场界定中的应用以及和传统市场界定时的区别。需求替代性是界定传统产品市场比较常用的方法,但本文经过分析后得出以需求交叉弹性为代表的需求替代性方法在技术和创新市场的界定中并不是非常有效的结论。供给替代性方法在知识产权的界定中的应用要比传统市场界定更常用,对于市场界限模糊的技术和创新市场,供给替代性方法是一个可以选择的方法。假定垄断者测试无论是对传统市场的界定还是对知识产权市场的界定都是最常用的方法,其中临界弹性和临界损失分析法是假定垄断者测试的两个重要的衍生方法,在该章的结尾部分,作者分析了假定垄断者测试在界定知识产权市场时和传统市场界定的区别,这是本文的重点,也是这篇文章研究的意义所在。最后文章从美国、欧盟及中国相关市场的发展过程及司法实践中进一步了解相关市场在世界各国的具体应用。作为该篇文章的总结部分,最后一部分主要论述了对知识产权领域相关市场界定的研究给我国反垄断执法领域带来的启示。
[Abstract]:In the lengthy antitrust judicial practice, the problem of defining the relevant market attracted more and more concern and attention, defining relevant market has become the basis and key of antitrust cases economy. Using the relevant market, essentially in order to clear the definition of competition between enterprises in the anti monopoly law enforcement in all countries in the world. In our country the judicial practice to the definition of relevant market and to revise and improve the relevant market, the first is definition of the relevant product market of traditional paper, our definition of the relevant market antitrust document the majority is about and the method for defining the relevant product market norms however, with the continuous development of new economy, technology and innovation has become the main impetus of economic development. The intellectual property technology and innovation as the representative The legal system of right and its role in the development of new economy and society also more prominent. Therefore involves more and more cases of intellectual property rights in the judicial practice of anti monopoly in the application of the theories and methods of related products for the traditional market to solve these cases apparently is not accurate enough, so we need the relevant market in the area of intellectual property the definition given further study. China's anti-monopoly legislation started relatively late, the definition of relevant market is greatly influenced by other countries, especially the United States. China's definition of the relevant market in the field of intellectual property antitrust document is few, so the study of the definition of the relevant market of intellectual property has great effect on China's anti-monopoly law enforcement.
Intellectual property and traditional product itself has some different characteristics, so the definition of the intellectual property market and method should be studied again. According to the regulations of intellectual property license issued by the United States "antitrust" guidelines for the intellectual property market into the product market, technology market and innovation in China in accordance with the market. The classification of the intellectual property market is divided into three parts, intellectual property antitrust guide pointed out that the traditional method of defining the product market is still applicable to intellectual property market. However, the application of the intellectual property and traditional product itself has different characteristics, so the use of specific methods still need to be distinguished.
Firstly, characteristics of intellectual property are analyzed, from the overall perspective, intellectual property is exclusive, the three main characteristics of time and region. The three aspects of the characteristics of the intellectual property rights leads to the intellectual property rights in the cost structure, consumers transfer the degree of difficulty, the difficulty of converting producers resulting in number potential competitors and related areas and other aspects of the market and the traditional product market difference. Secondly, this paper from the product market, technology market and innovation market three parts discuss respectively the corresponding definition of the relevant market, the product market refers to the use of patented technology products, this product is a tangible product, in this sense, it is not what the difference and general merchandise, the definition of elaboration on the market and technology innovation in the market, this paper cited the antitrust Fault in the judicial practice of some of the classic case, it is helpful to the analysis of the definition of technology and market innovation. The next step is the analysis of the key parts, namely the relevant market definition method of intellectual property rights. This paper is the definition analysis method from the traditional product market starting to compare these methods in the intellectual property market definition and application the traditional market and bounded difference. Replacement demand is a common method to define the traditional product market, but this paper obtained by analyzing the cross elasticity of demand as the representative of the need for alternative methods to define in technology and innovation in the market is not very effective. Application of the provision of alternative methods in the definition of intellectual property rights in the compared to the traditional market definition is more common for the market, a blur of technology and innovation market, supply alternative method is an optional method. The hypothetical monopolist test whether traditional definition of the market or the definition of the intellectual property market is the most commonly used method, the critical elastic and critical loss analysis method are two important methods derived from the hypothetical monopolist test, at the end of this chapter, the author analyzes the difference between the hypothetical monopolist test defined in the definition of the knowledge property rights market and the traditional market, which is the focus of this article, this article is the significance of the research. Finally, from the United States, further understanding of the specific application of the relevant market in the world in the development process and the judicial practice of the EU and China related market. As a conclusion part of the article, the last part mainly discusses study on the definition of the field of intellectual property rights related to the field of law enforcement Market implications of China's anti monopoly.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4

【引证文献】