用于空间环境的超声电机的研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 05:30

本文选题：空间环境　切入点：超声电机　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：超声电机依据其特殊的作动原理,拥有普通电磁电机不具备的诸多优点,在空间探测领域有着广阔的应用前景。依靠领先的设计理念和先进的试验设备,国外已将超声电机技术成功运用到空间探测器的作动机构上,并取得了良好的效果。伴随我国航天技术的发展和进步,研制出具有自主知识产权,应用于空间环境的超声电机的任务日趋紧迫。包括作者所在单位的国内众多超声电机研究团队经过多年的探索,已在诸多方面取得了宝贵的试验数据和技术经验,但仍有许多关键技术难题有待突破。本课题在国家自然基金项目(No.10874090)“应用于极端环境的超声电机的研究”、国家自然基金项目(No.51205203)“超声电机技术标准的基础研究”、国家自然基金青年基金项目(No.51275228)“基于热分析技术的极端环境下超声电机的研究和设计”和基础科研项目(B252009xxxx)“极端环境下超声电机的试验技术研究”的资助下,以研究和设计应用于空间环境的超声电机为目标,开展了超声电机的空间复合环境试验系统、试验方案、超声电机的温度场分布与环境影响机制、新型样机的结构设计和环境对比试验等方面的研究工作,明确了不同类型结构的超声电机所适合的空间环境情况,为应用于空间环境的超声电机的设计者和使用者提供了基础的性能数据。本研究的主要内容和成果如下:1.概述了超声电机的相关技术及应用,归纳和总结了超声电机在空间环境应用领域的研究历程,取得的最新进展和存在的关键技术难题,叙述了本课题研究的重要性和必要性。2.基于单一环境试验系统的设计经验和试验结果,设计了超声电机的高/低温、真空复合环境试验系统,为更深入地研究超声电机在温度和真空度复合的空间模拟环境下的性能变化规律提供了试验条件。各项技术参数表明,该复合环境试验系统具有较高的性能指标,基本满足应用于空间环境的超声电机的环境适应性试验要求。3.借助最新研制的超声电机高/低温、真空复合环境试验系统,以TRUM-60型超声电机为对象,进行了全面的超声电机复合环境试验研究。在已有单一环境试验方法的基础上,提出了超声电机的复合环境试验方法,并针对测试环境严酷性的不同,创新性提出了常规复合环境测试和极限复合环境测试两种测试级别。根据传统型TRUM电机的试验结果,提出了改进型TRUM型超声电机,并有效提高了其在极限高温环境下的性能。4.从理论和试验两方面研究了TRUM型超声电机的瞬态温升和稳态时的温度场分布情况。提出了超声电机的功率损耗计算方法,以四种典型的具有不同尺寸的超声电机为例,进行了功率损耗的计算。借助有限元软件计算了超声电机的温度场分布情况,并与试验测定结果进行了比较。更进一步地,借助计算模型研究了摩擦材料的热导率、电机尺寸、环境温度以及环境真空度对超声电机温度场分布的影响。5.基于简化的压电陶瓷片结构,设计了Langevin振子激励的若干新型旋转超声电机,并进行了原理验证和试验研究,目的是通过新型电机结构的设计,克服传统的旋转超声电机的粘接式陶瓷片易于断裂的难题。总结前人在Langevin振子激励的超声电机设计方面的经验,提出了若干结构紧凑型的方案设计。加工了试验样机,进行了相关的特性试验,验证了电机的工作原理和测试了电机的工作特性。6.提出并研究了一系列直线型超声电机,提出了简化超声电机设计的新型驱动机理,设计了具有自定位作动功能的微小型超声电机。依据提出的电机工作原理,借助有限元分析软件,确定了样机的基本尺寸,分析了样机的振动特性。最后,试验测试了样机的工作特性。7.对新型样机的机械特性、电学特性和温升特性随外界环境的变化规律进行了分析和研究。基于上述试验数据,建立了一种超声电机在空间模拟试验换环境下的综合性能评价方法,并依据评价结果,提出了不同环境下适宜选用的超声电机的类型。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic motor based on special actuation principle, with many advantages of ordinary electromagnetic motors do not have, have a wide application prospect in the field of space exploration. Relying on the leading design and advanced testing equipment, has been abroad technology of ultrasonic motor is successfully applied to a space probe to the actuator, and achieved good results. With China's space technology development and progress, developed with independent intellectual property rights, the ultrasonic motor used in the space environment is becoming more and more urgent task. Including the unit of many domestic ultrasonic motor research team after years of exploration, has made valuable test data and technical experience in many aspects. But there are still many problems of key technology breakthroughs in this article. The national natural fund project (No.10874090) "Research on ultrasonic motor used in extreme environment, the national natural fund (No.51205203) "project" basic research on the technical standard of the ultrasonic motor, the National Youth Science Fund Project Fund (No.51275228) "extreme environmental thermal analysis technology research and design of ultrasonic motor and basic research project (B252009xxxx) based on the" research "test technology of ultrasonic motor under extreme environment under the support of research and design and application of ultrasonic motor in the space environment as the goal, to carry out the space combined environment testing system, ultrasonic motor test program, ultrasonic motor temperature field distribution and environmental impact mechanism, research work of the new prototype structure design and environment comparison test and so on, clear the space environment of the ultrasonic motor for different types of structures the performance data provides basis for the ultrasonic motor applications in the space environment of the designers and users. The main research contents and achievements Are as follows: 1. an overview of relevant technology of ultrasonic motor and its application, and summarizes the research progress in the space environment application in the field of ultrasonic motor, the latest progress and some key technical problems, this paper discusses the importance and necessity of the research of.2. based on the design experience and test results of single environment test system. The design of the high / low temperature ultrasonic motor, the vacuum combined environment testing system for a more in-depth study of ultrasonic motor performance simulation of changes in the environment of space temperature and vacuum composite provides experimental conditions show that the technical parameters, the performance of the composite environmental testing system has high adaptability to the environment, to meet the basic test ultrasonic motor applied to the space environment requirements of the ultrasonic motor.3. with the newly developed high / low temperature, vacuum combined environment testing system, TRUM-60 type ultrasonic motor The object of the ultrasonic motor composite environment test comprehensively. Based on the existing test methods of single environment, puts forward the method of environmental test for ultrasonic motor, and the test environment severity is different, the paper puts forward the conventional composite environmental testing and environmental testing limit composite two test level. According to the test results the traditional type of TRUM motor, proposed improved TRUM type ultrasonic motor, and effectively improve the temperature distribution in the limit of high temperature environment on the performance of.4. TRUM type ultrasonic motor from two aspects of theory and experiment of the transient temperature rise and the steady state was put forward. Calculation methods of power consumption to the ultrasonic motor. Four kinds of ultrasonic motor with different sizes of the typical case, calculate the power loss. The distribution of temperature field of the ultrasonic motor is calculated by means of finite element software, and testing and inspection The comparison of results. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the friction material calculation model of rate, the size of the motor, the ambient temperature and the environment temperature of vacuum on the ultrasonic motor field effect of simplified.5. piezoelectric ceramics based on the structure design of Langevin oscillator excitation motor some new rotary ultrasonic, and the the principle of verification and test research, aims to design new type motor structure, cope with the problem of bonding type ceramic rotary ultrasonic motor of the traditional easy to fracture. In previous Langevin oscillator excitation of ultrasonic motor design experience, put forward some design compact structure. The test prototype processing, the characteristics of the experiment, verified the working principle of the motor test and working characteristics of.6. motor is proposed and studied a series of linear ultrasonic motor, a simplified ultrasound A new driving mechanism of motor design, designed with micro ultrasonic motor self positioning actuation function. According to the working principle of the motor, using the finite element analysis software, to determine the basic size of the prototype, analyzes the vibration characteristics of the prototype. Finally, test the mechanical properties of.7. characteristics like machine to the new prototype the rise of the electrical characteristics and temperature changes of the external environment are analyzed and studied. Based on the above experimental data, establish a simulation experiment of ultrasonic motor in the space environment for comprehensive performance evaluation method, and according to the evaluation results, put forward different environment suitable for the type of ultrasonic motor.

【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM359.9

【引证文献】