丰田企业研发模式及其对区域经济影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 21:41

本文选题：研发模式　切入点：丰田集团　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：汽车制造业是所有工业部门中产业链最长、带动效应最大的一种产业。汽车产业链以汽车整车制造为核心,向上延伸至汽车零部件制造,向下延伸至服务贸易领域,其明显的规模效应、技术扩散效应决定了汽车产业对一国经济发展的影响。在全球汽车市场中,日本的汽车以省油、轻便、低排放等特征,在世界汽车市场上占据了重要地位,其中日本丰田汽车更是以研发投入大、科技创新活跃等优势,跃升为世界第一大汽车企业集团,在全球汽车领域有着举足轻重的地位。本文基于自主创新理论、产业集聚理论及相关经济地理学、区域地理学理论,利用《日本统计年鉴2010》、爱知县公式网页《平成27年度爱知县统计年鉴》、《丰田汽车Group的实态2010年版》等官方权威数据,运用Arc Gis软件和Eviews软件工具,运用定性研究与定量分析相结合的方法梳理了日本汽车企业的研发演进历程,凝练归纳出丰田研发模式,即磨合切磋模式的特征、升级过程,进一步探讨了丰田的磨合切磋模式对区域经济产生的影响,以及丰田企业的研发模式和升级过程对我国汽车企业的借鉴与启示。本研究认为,首先丰田的磨合切磋模式不同于美洲汽车的自主研发模式,磨合切磋模式主要特征为:研发主体是长期与丰田建立良好合作关系的Group企业,Group企业和丰田共同享有知识产权;产品的供应链呈现纵向金字塔结构,产出的核心部件相互之间联系紧密呈乘数效应;Group企业在空间上产生集聚,并且带动了爱知县区域经济发展,具体表现为爱知县的产业结构以制造业为主,而制造业中又以输送用机械(即汽车)的比重最为突出。其次根据回归分析认为,在磨合切磋模式下Group企业集聚现象对爱知县的区域经济产生了正向影响,其中人才的集聚是促进区域发展的最大影响因素。磨合切磋模式推动了爱知县区域内生产要素的流动,缩小了区域内经济差异;生产要素流动过程中产生的技术扩散效应使相邻企业得到发展;Group企业相互学习优势互补,建立网络化格局。最后研究认为虽然磨合切磋模式是丰田在研发过程中结合自身企业文化产生的具有独特性的研发模式,但当今汽车产业信息化与智能化的发展瞬息万变,磨合切磋模式如何进行升级完善,对丰田是个挑战。研究最后根据丰田的研发模式的特征和发展过程,提出了对我国汽车企业的借鉴与启发。
[Abstract]:Automobile manufacturing industry is one of the longest industrial chain and the biggest driving effect in all industrial sectors. The automobile industry chain takes the automobile manufacturing as the core, extends up to the automobile parts manufacturing, and extends down to the field of service trade. Its obvious scale effect and technology diffusion effect determine the impact of the automobile industry on the economic development of a country. In the global automobile market, Japanese cars play an important role in the world automobile market because of their characteristics of saving fuel, being light and low emission. With the advantages of large R & D investment and active scientific and technological innovation, Toyota Automobile of Japan has become the world's largest automotive enterprise group, and plays an important role in the global automotive field. This paper is based on the theory of independent innovation. Industrial agglomeration theory and related economic geography and regional geography theory, using official authoritative data such as Japan Statistical Yearbook 2010, Aichi County Formula website Pingcheng 27 Aichi Prefecture Statistical Yearbook, Toyota Motor Group 2010, etc. By using Arc Gis software and Eviews software tool, this paper combs the evolution course of Japanese automobile enterprise's R & D by using the method of qualitative research and quantitative analysis, sums up the Toyota R & D mode, that is, the characteristics of running-in mode and the process of upgrading. The paper further discusses the impact of Toyota's running-in model on regional economy, and the reference and inspiration of Toyota's R & D model and upgrade process to Chinese automobile enterprises. First of all, Toyota's running-in model is different from American automobile's independent R & D mode. The main features of the model are as follows: the main body of research and development is the Group enterprise and Toyota that have established good cooperative relationship with Toyota for a long time; The product supply chain presents the vertical pyramid structure, and the core components of the output are closely related to each other in a multiplier effect. Specifically, the industrial structure of Aichi County is dominated by manufacturing, and the proportion of transportation machinery (that is, automobile) is the most prominent in the manufacturing industry. Secondly, according to the regression analysis, The phenomenon of Group enterprise agglomeration has a positive effect on the regional economy of Aichi County under the mode of running-in and learning, in which the concentration of talents is the most important factor to promote the regional development, and the running-in mode promotes the flow of production factors in Aichi County. The technology diffusion effect in the process of factor of production flows makes the adjacent enterprises develop and the firms learn from each other's advantages and complement each other. Finally, it is considered that although the running-in model is a unique research and development model produced by Toyota in the process of research and development, but the development of information and intelligence in the automobile industry is changing rapidly. How to upgrade and perfect the running-in model is a challenge to Toyota. Finally, according to the characteristics and development process of Toyota's R & D model, the paper puts forward the reference and inspiration for Chinese automobile enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F273.1;F416.471

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