采棉机水平摘锭材料及热处理工艺分析

发布时间：2018-04-01 00:07

本文选题：采棉机　切入点：水平摘锭　出处：《石河子大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着机采棉种植面积的不断扩大，通过机械采收棉花，不仅有效缓解了拾花劳力紧张的问题，而且大幅度降低了棉花采摘费用。据资料显示，未来五年，新疆将投入20亿采购1094台采棉机，而如果全部实现机采棉，所需采棉机数量将达到5000台。每台采棉机通常配置5-6组摘锭组。每组需288-480根摘锭，目前进口摘锭售价为70元左右，因此市场需求很大。人工采棉已成为制约新疆棉花生产的瓶颈，大幅度实现采棉机械化已经势在必行。水平式采棉机所用摘锭是采棉机的关键核心零件，为易损件，影响着采棉生产效率和采净率。目前它主要依赖于进口，，价格较贵，迫切需要实现国产化。本课题以国内台州生产和国外进口水平摘锭式采棉机关键工作部件---水平摘锭为研究对象，结合水平摘锭在设计和使用过程中遇到的实际技术问题，探讨不同材料摘锭的使用性能及失效形式，通过理化试验、金相组织分析、力学性能测试等实验手段，分析国内外摘锭的材料组成，力学性能差异，金相组织异同，进而制定了热处理工艺，分析了其影响因素，对国产摘锭的制造提供充分的理论和实验依据。从而达到保证摘锭性能、提高使用寿命的目的。（1）采用能谱以及化学方法相结合分析了三种摘锭的成分，得出三种摘锭的元素组成及材料牌号。（2）对三种试样进行了室温拉伸性能测试，比较了三种样品的强度，延伸率。其中1#国产摘锭抗拉强度及屈服强度均较高，其屈服强度均高于其余两种样品；2#以色列摘锭具有最高的抗拉强度，但其延伸率较其余两种样品低；4#美国摘锭强度最低，延伸率与1#相同。（3）采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜相结合分析了三种摘锭渗碳层及基体心部组织特点。三种摘锭心部组织均主要由板条马氏体组成，表面为渗碳淬火的隐针马氏体组织。其中1#心部及渗碳层的马氏体组织均比2#、4#更为细小。（4）采用扫描电镜以及能谱相结合的方法对三种摘锭的镀层表面、厚度等进行了分析。三种样品表面均存在镀Cr层。镀层厚度：2#以色列摘锭镀层最厚，1#国产摘锭镀层最薄，4#美国摘锭厚度居中。整体上看，1#国产摘锭镀层表面不够光滑，与基体结合较差，镀层厚度偏薄，这些都将影响镀层的耐磨性能。本课题的研究成果将成为国内发展具有自主知识产权的采棉机摘锭材料加工工艺及技术核心提供理论基础，对新疆棉花机械化作业具有重要的意义和广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of mechanical cotton harvesting area, the mechanical harvesting of cotton not only effectively alleviates the shortage of collecting labor, but also reduces the cost of cotton picking by a large margin.According to the data, in the next five years, Xinjiang will invest 2 billion to purchase 1094 cotton pickers, and if all the machines are realized, the number of cotton pickers will reach 5000.Each cotton picker is usually equipped with 5-6 groups of ingots.Each group needs 288-480 pick ingots, the current import pick ingot price is about 70 yuan, so the market demand is great.Artificial cotton harvesting has become the bottleneck of cotton production in Xinjiang, and it is imperative to realize cotton harvesting mechanization on a large scale.The picking ingots used in horizontal cotton pickers are the key parts of cotton pickers, which are easily damaged and affect the production efficiency and net recovery rate of cotton picking.At present, it is mainly dependent on imports, more expensive, urgent need to achieve localization.This subject takes the key working parts of the horizontal picking cotton picker in Taizhou and foreign countries as the research object, combining with the practical technical problems encountered in the design and application of the horizontal spindles.This paper discusses the performance and failure forms of different materials for picking ingots. By means of physical and chemical tests, metallographic analysis and mechanical properties tests, the material composition, mechanical properties difference, metallographic structure and similarities and differences are analyzed at home and abroad.Furthermore, the heat treatment process was established, and the influencing factors were analyzed, which provided sufficient theoretical and experimental basis for the manufacture of domestic spindles.In order to ensure the performance of the ingot, improve the service life of the purpose.1) the composition of three kinds of ingots were analyzed by energy spectrum and chemical method, and the elemental composition and material grade of the three ingots were obtained.The tensile properties of the three samples were tested at room temperature, and the tensile strength and elongation of the three samples were compared.The tensile strength and yield strength of the spindles made in 1# are both higher than those of the other two samples. The tensile strength of Israeli spindles is the highest, but its elongation is lower than that of the other two samples.The elongation is the same as that of 1#.Metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the microstructure of three carburized layers and the core of matrix.The three structures are mainly made up of lath martensite, and the surface of them is arcane martensite of Carburizing and quenching.The martensite in the center of the 1# and Carburized layer is smaller than that in the 2 #ings.(4) the surface and thickness of three kinds of ingots were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).There is Cr coating on the surface of three kinds of samples.The thickness of the coating is the thickest and the thickest in Israel. The thickness of the ingot is the thinnest in America.On the whole, the coating surface is not smooth enough, the bonding with substrate is poor, and the coating thickness is thin, which will affect the wear resistance of the coating.The research results of this subject will provide the theoretical basis for the development of cotton picking machine ingot material processing technology and technology core with independent intellectual property rights in our country, and will have important significance and broad application prospect for cotton mechanization operation in Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：S225.911

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