全国运动会的历史演进及改革研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 15:56

本文选题：全国运动会 + 历史演进　；参考：《北京体育大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：全国运动会(简称全运会)作为我国国内水平最高、规模最大的综合性运动会,其对于促进竞技体育的发展和竞技人才的培养,带动群众体育发展,推进体育产业化和社会化,提升举办城市形象与优化城市规划建设,推动体育文化和精神文明建设等方面发挥了非常重要的作用。但不可忽视的是其在发展进程中暴露出很多弊端,极大的影响了综合性体育赛事的可持续发展,亟需对其进一步改革与完善。本研究在科学发展观、制度变迁理论、系统演化理论及品牌理论的基础上,通过采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法及数理统计法对新中国成立以来举办过的历届全运会进行研究。按照制度标准将全运会的历史演进分为起步阶段、停滞阶段、探索阶段、发展阶段及调整阶段五个阶段。分别从全运会发展的历史背景、办赛理念、竞赛制度、竞赛组织体系、阶段性特征及效益评价等六个方面对各阶段全运会的演进脉络进行梳理。研究发现,全运会在发展进程中主要存在赛事资源投入与效益产出不匹配,竞赛体制僵化及强政府、弱市场的运作管理模式等问题。虽然全运会在竞赛制度、管理体制、运转模式等方面存在一些问题,但它为我国体育事业的发展做出卓越贡献,建议应予保留全运会。为了促进全运会实现可持续发展,建议首先对竞赛制度进行优化设计。规范运动员的注册与交流,剔除部分运动项目,将冬季运动项目纳入全国冬季运动会,单设三大球运动会,以单项锦标赛为依托,强化奥运项目发展,设置以中华武术为主体的民族传统和特色运动会,设置全国青少年运动会,开设更多的基层运动会及扩大参赛对象范围。第二,加大全运会市场化运作力度。深入挖掘全运会的有形资产资源、无形资产资源与衍生资源,设置市场开发部组织机构,完善企业赞助计划、放开电视转播权营销,加大特许经营权开发及调动广泛的社会力量参与。第三,构建全运会品牌。主要从品牌标识、品牌理念、品牌定位、品牌传播与推广四个方面展开。第四,强化全运会法律规章制度的建设。主要对全运会竞赛法律规章制度、全运会市场开发法律规章制度及全运会知识产权法律规章制度进行建设与完善。在全运会办赛理念创新方面,突出全民参与,突出促进赛事全面协调可持续发展及突出体育人文精神。在制度创新方面则引入“一心多点”的办赛模式,反兴奋准入制度,举办丰富多彩的赛事活动及建立裁判员激励与约束机制。
[Abstract]:The National Games (referred to as the National Games), as the highest level and largest comprehensive sports meeting in China, will promote the development of competitive sports and the cultivation of competitive talents, promote the development of mass sports, and promote the industrialization and socialization of sports.It plays a very important role in improving the image of the host city, optimizing the urban planning and construction, and promoting the construction of sports culture and spiritual civilization.However, it can not be ignored that it has exposed many disadvantages in the process of development, which has greatly affected the sustainable development of comprehensive sports events, and needs to be further reformed and improved.On the basis of scientific development view, institutional change theory, system evolution theory and brand theory, this study adopts the method of literature, expert interview.Logic analysis and mathematical statistics are used to study the National Games held since the founding of New China.According to the system standard, the historical evolution of the National Games can be divided into five stages: starting stage, stagnant stage, exploring stage, developing stage and adjusting stage.This paper sorts out the evolution of the National Games from six aspects: the historical background of the development of the National Games, the idea of running the games, the competition system, the competition organization system, the characteristics of the stages and the evaluation of the benefits.It is found that there are some problems in the development of the National Games, such as the mismatch between the resource input and the benefit output, the rigid competition system, the strong government and the weak market operation and management mode.Although there are some problems in the competition system, management system and operation mode, the National Games has made outstanding contributions to the development of sports in China, and it is suggested that the National Games should be preserved.In order to promote the sustainable development of the National Games, it is suggested that the competition system be optimized.Standardize the registration and exchange of athletes, eliminate some sports items, bring winter sports events into the National Winter Games, set up only three big ball games, strengthen the development of Olympic events based on individual championships,Set up national traditional and characteristic sports meeting with Chinese martial arts as the main body, set up national youth sports meeting, set up more basic level sports meeting and expand the range of participants.Second, increase the National Games market operation.Dig into the physical assets resources, intangible assets resources and derivative resources of the National Games, set up the organization of the market development department, perfect the enterprise sponsorship plan, and open up the marketing of television broadcasting right.Increase franchise development and mobilize a wide range of social forces to participate.Third, build the National Games brand.Mainly from the brand logo, brand concept, brand positioning, brand communication and promotion of four aspects.Fourth, strengthen the construction of laws and regulations of the National Games.The legal rules and regulations of the National Games Competition, the National Games Market Development and the intellectual property laws and regulations of the National Games are mainly built and perfected.In the aspect of the innovation of the concept of the National Games, the participation of the whole people, the promotion of the overall coordinated and sustainable development of the events and the humanistic spirit of sports are emphasized.In the aspect of system innovation, the competition mode of "multi-point" is introduced, the system of anti-excitement admission, the holding of rich and colorful events and the establishment of referee incentive and restraint mechanism are introduced.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G812.20

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