含水层下矸石充填采煤覆岩导水裂隙演化机理及控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:18

本文选题：含水层 + 矸石充填采煤　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：固体充填采煤是我国自主研发并具有独立知识产权的技术，其技术内涵是采用机械化方式将矸石等固体废弃物充填入采空区，开采传统方式无法采出的煤炭资源并处理矿区固体废弃物。由于充填入采空区的固体废弃物控制了上覆岩层的移动和裂隙发育，为含水层下压煤矿区提供了一条安全有效的技术途径。本文在简要介绍固体充填采煤技术及其岩层控制理论的基础上，采用理论分析、实验测试、数值模拟、物理模拟和工程实践等方法，系统研究了矸石充填采煤覆岩破坏程度和导水裂隙带发育范围与充实率之间的定量关系，给出了裂隙带形成过程中导水裂隙的演化规律。论文首先分析了上覆岩层破坏的主要影响因素，研究了主要因素之一的固体充填材料压实变形特征；建立了矸石充填采煤采场基岩弹性地基叠合梁力学模型，对矸石充填采煤采场覆岩的破坏条件和破坏高度进行了计算研究；对相同充实率的矸石充填采煤和等价采高垮落法开采进行了物理相似模拟，揭露了矸石充填采煤覆岩导水裂隙沿工作面纵向和横向的发育特征和演化规律；对不同充实率下的矸石充填采煤采场进行了数值模拟，掌握了充实率与导水裂隙带高度的定量关系，设计了五沟煤矿试验区域采空区充实率指标并进行了工程应用。论文主要成果及创新点如下：（1）建立了矸石充填采煤覆岩弹性地基叠层组合梁力学计算模型，利用弹性地基系数表现固体充填材料的密实度特性，推导出了上覆岩层的弯矩和挠度方程，确定出了基岩层破坏的临界条件，得出不同充实率条件下上覆岩层破坏的层数和高度。（2）利用物理模拟的方法得出了：区别于对应等价采高垮落法覆岩“逐层快速下沉”，充填采煤覆岩的移动特征为“整体缓慢下沉”；充填采煤覆岩破坏程度和导水裂隙带高度均低于对应等价采高垮落法，其覆岩裂隙发育呈“产生-缓慢扩张”的特征，与等价采高垮落法开采“产生-迅速扩张-缓慢闭合”的发育特征截然不同，且覆岩裂隙宽度小。（3）通过对不同充实率矸石充填采煤数值模拟结果的总结分析，得出矸石充填采煤覆岩导水裂隙带高度与充实率指标的定量关系，并根据上述研究结果动态设计了试验矿区矸石充填采煤工作面的充实率指标，，成功开采了临近富含水层下的煤炭资源，取得良好的经济与社会效益。
[Abstract]:Solid filling coal mining is a technology independently developed and has independent intellectual property rights in our country. Its technical connotation is to fill solid waste such as gangue into the goaf by mechanization.Mining coal resources which can not be extracted by traditional methods and disposing of solid wastes in mining areas.Because the solid waste filled in the goaf can control the movement of overlying strata and the development of fractures, it provides a safe and effective technical way for the coal mine area under the aquifer pressure.Based on the brief introduction of solid filling coal mining technology and its strata control theory, this paper adopts the methods of theoretical analysis, experimental test, numerical simulation, physical simulation and engineering practice, etc.The quantitative relationship between the damage degree of coal overburden and the development range and enrichment rate of water-conducting fissure zone is studied systematically, and the evolution law of the water-conducting fissure in the formation process of the fissure zone is given.In this paper, the main factors influencing the failure of overburden strata are analyzed, the compaction deformation characteristics of solid filling materials are studied, and the mechanical model of superimposed beams on elastic foundation of coal mining stope filled with gangue is established.The failure conditions and failure height of overburden in coal mining stope filled with gangue are calculated and studied, and the similar physical simulation of coal mining with the same filling ratio and equivalent mining height caving method is carried out.The development characteristics and evolution law of water diversion fissure of coal overburden with coal gangue filling along longitudinally and laterally are revealed, and the numerical simulation of coal mining stope with gangue filling under different filling ratio is carried out.The quantitative relationship between the enrichment rate and the height of the water-conducting fissure zone is grasped, and the index of the goaf fullness rate in the test area of Wugou Coal Mine is designed and applied in engineering.The main achievements and innovations are as follows:1) the mechanical calculation model of superimposed composite beams on the elastic foundation of coal overburden with coal gangues filling is established. The compactness characteristics of solid filling materials are represented by the coefficient of elastic foundation, and the bending moment and deflection equations of overlying strata are derived.The critical condition of base rock failure is determined, and the number and height of overlying rock failure under different enrichment ratio are obtained.2) using the method of physical simulation, it is concluded that the characteristics of movement of filling coal overburden are "whole slow subsidence", which is different from equivalent mining height collapse method "layer by layer rapid subsidence";The failure degree of overburden rock and the height of water-conducting fissure zone of filling coal mining are lower than that of equivalent mining height collapse method, and the overburden fracture development is characterized by "production-slow expansion".It is different from the equivalent mining height caving method in the development of "production-rapid expansion-slow closure", and the crack width of overburden rock is small.3) through summing up and analyzing the results of numerical simulation of coal mining with different filling rate of gangue, the quantitative relationship between the height of water-conducting fissure zone of coal overburden filled with gangue and the index of filling ratio is obtained.According to the above research results, the enrichment index of coal mining face filled with gangue in experimental mining area is designed dynamically, and the coal resources near rich aquifer are exploited successfully, and good economic and social benefits are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD823.7

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