数据库及习惯法对保护传统知识的贡献

发布时间：2018-04-21 10:34

本文选题：传统知识 + 建数据库　；参考：《国际社会科学杂志(中文版)》2007年02期

【摘要】：传统知识的处境如今颇为矛盾。传统知识在逐渐被侵蚀的同时,也日渐成为科学家感兴趣的研究对象。在这种语境下,传统知识拥有人抱怨他们的知识被剽窃,并且提出两组要求。首先,要求对他们的知识产权进行某种程度的保护。其次,要求尊重他们的习惯法,认为他们并不是要求获得新的权利,而只是要求尊重他们已有的权利。关于第一组要求,虽经多年争论,但仍无多大进展;这可能是因为参与辩论的人依赖基于权利的辩护理由,但这些辩护理由无助于设计有效的、可转移的财产权。我建议采取双重路径:首先,着眼于传统知识拥有人的实践;其次,采用实用主义的辩护理由,这类理由能为设计有效的财产权提供有用的见解。我的结论是:有强有力的论证支持创建传统知识数据库。第二组要求因为被视为要求自决权的政治主张,因而没有取得任何进展。我同样建议采取实用主义的进路,这样就能把这类主张视为将基于习俗或规范的创新体系与知识产权法的法律体系相结合的要求。我们于是便能够检视已在其他一些基于规范的创新体系中得到检验的解决方法,这些创新体系同样需要加入知识产权的法律体系。
[Abstract]:The situation of traditional knowledge is now rather contradictory. As traditional knowledge is gradually eroded, it is becoming an interesting subject for scientists. In this context, TK owners complain that their knowledge is being plagiarized and demand two sets of requirements. First of all, require some degree of protection of their intellectual property rights. Secondly, they are required to respect their customary law, not to claim new rights, but to respect their existing rights. With regard to the first group of claims, despite years of debate, little progress has been made; this may be because the participants in the debate rely on rights-based defences, which do not contribute to the design of effective, transferable property rights. I suggest a twofold approach: first, to focus on the practice of traditional knowledge owners; secondly, to adopt pragmatic justifications that can provide useful insights into the design of effective property rights. My conclusion: there are strong arguments for creating a traditional knowledge database. The second group claims that no progress has been made because it is seen as a political claim to self-determination. I also recommend a pragmatic approach so that such claims can be seen as a requirement to combine a system of innovation based on custom or norms with a legal system of intellectual property law. We are then able to examine the solutions that have been tested in other standards-based innovation systems that also need to be added to the intellectual property legal system.
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【分类号】：D913

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