传统武术的法律保护模式研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 03:42

本文选题：传统武术 + 法律保护　；参考：《西北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：悠悠中华，五千年的文明化历程；炎黄子孙，自强不息的奋进精神；孕育出了光辉灿烂的华夏文明。传统武术作为其中一颗耀眼明珠，不仅是我国重要的传统文化组成部分，更是我国优秀的非物质文化遗产项目。但是，随着农耕文明的坍塌，社会环境的改变，传承方式的滞后，传统武术的生存状况日益艰难，发展前景不容乐观。因此，对传统武术进行保护进而谋求振兴之路变得刻不容缓。探寻传统武术的保护之路，要从研究传统武术的法律保护开始。研究传统武术的法律保护为传统武术的振兴提供了制度保障。目前，国内外关于非物质文化遗产法律保护的研究成果较多，对于传统武术法律保护的研究成果相对较少。鉴于传统武术法律保护的迫切需要，本文在已有研究成果的基础上，通过查阅文献，访谈专家以及逻辑推理等研究方法，对传统武术的法律保护模式进行一些探究，不仅具有重要的理论意义，而且存在一定的实践价值。首先，通过对传统武术相关概念的界定，明确了传统武术概念的内涵和外延。确定了传统武术的文化归属是“民族传统文化”和“传统知识”。由此得出，传统武术作为重要的非物质文化遗产项目，自然地受到非物质文化遗产权保护，作为一种知识产品还应该受到知识产权保护。其次，在传统武术法律保护的法理依据中，运用了“主权理论”和“人权理论”进行研究。主权理论认为，国家主权神圣不可侵犯，其理论的重要组成部分中包含文化主权的内容。认为，民族的文化主权和国家主权一样，神圣不可侵犯，，保护民族的文化主权就是捍卫国家主权。人权理论认为，人的权利包括生存权、发展权和文化权。保护人权，不能放弃人的文化权利。文化权利包括人对文化的需求权、传承权和使用权。研究传统武术的法律保护，我们要站在文化的角度，从捍卫主权、保护人权的高度进行审视。建国以来，在党和国家有关部门的组织、策划下，传统武术的保护工作取得了不菲的成绩，但是，任然没有达到预期的目标，其侵权事件屡发不绝，法律保护如同盲区。究其原因，主要是保护意识淡薄、相关理论欠缺、保障制度不够完善所致。最后，通过对传统武术法律保护要素的分析，厘清了传统武术法律保护关系的主体是公民、法人、其他组织、国家等；主体权利义务指向的众多对象构成了权利的客体；主体之间形成的权利义务关系形成了权利的内容，主要包括人身精神权和人身财产权两个方面。由此得出结论，传统武术的法律保护模式主要有两种。一种是知识产权模式，另一种是非物质文化遗产权模式。知识产权模式属于私法领域，非物质文化遗产权模式属于公法领域。二者对传统武术进行的法律保护是互补性的双重保护。这种双重保护模式有助于两种法律制度之间互为补充、取长补短，不仅保护了权利人的私权利益，而且保障了非物质文化遗产权的公益性特征。有助于权利人的相关利益得到保护，有助于传统武术的传承、创新和利用。
[Abstract]:The civilization of the Chinese, the five thousand years of civilization, the descendants of the Chinese and the descendants of the Chinese and the descendants of the sun, and the spirit of self-improvement, have bred brilliant Chinese civilization. As one of the dazzling pearl, traditional Wushu is not only an important part of our traditional culture, but also an outstanding non physical cultural heritage project in China. However, with the collapse of farming civilization. Because of the collapse, the change of the social environment and the lag of the way of inheritance, the survival of traditional Wushu is becoming more and more difficult, and the prospect of development is not optimistic. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the traditional Wushu and seek the way to revitalize it.
To explore the protection of traditional Wushu, we should start from the study of the legal protection of traditional Wushu. The study of the legal protection of traditional Wushu provides a system guarantee for the revitalization of traditional Wushu.
At present, there are many research achievements on the legal protection of intangible cultural heritage at home and abroad. The research achievements on the legal protection of traditional Wushu are relatively few. In view of the urgent need of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, on the basis of the existing research achievements, this article talks about the literature, interviews with experts and logical reasoning and other research methods, to the traditional martial arts. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to probe into the legal protection mode of operation.
First, through the definition of the related concepts of traditional Wushu, the connotation and extension of the concept of traditional martial arts are clarified. The cultural attribution of traditional martial arts is "national traditional culture" and "traditional knowledge". Thus, it is concluded that traditional Wushu, as an important non material cultural heritage project, is naturally protected by the right of intangible cultural heritage. A knowledge product should also be protected by intellectual property rights.
Secondly, in the legal basis of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, the "sovereignty theory" and "human rights theory" are used to study. Sovereignty theory holds that the national sovereignty is sacred and inviolable, and the important part of its theory contains the content of cultural sovereignty. It is considered that the national sovereignty and national sovereignty are sacred and inviolable. The cultural sovereignty of protecting the nation is to defend the sovereignty of the state. The human rights theory holds that human rights include the right to existence, the right to development and the right to culture. To protect human rights, we can not give up the cultural rights of human beings. Cultural rights include the right to demand, inheritance and use of culture. The defence of sovereignty and the protection of human rights should be examined.
Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the organization of the party and the relevant departments of the state, the protection of traditional martial arts has been made a lot of achievements. However, it has not reached the expected goal, its tort events are repeated, and the legal protection is like a blind area. The main reason is to protect the meaning of consciousness, the lack of relevant theories, and the inadequate security system.
Finally, through the analysis of the elements of the legal protection of traditional martial arts, it clarifies that the main body of the legal protection of traditional martial arts is citizens, legal persons, other organizations, and the state, and so on. Many objects of the subject rights and obligations constitute the object of the rights; the rights and obligations formed between the subjects form the content of the rights, mainly including the personal essence. The two aspects of theocracy and the property rights of the human body.
It draws a conclusion that there are two main legal protection modes of traditional Wushu. One is the intellectual property model, the other is the intangible cultural heritage right mode. The intellectual property model belongs to the private law field, the non material cultural heritage right mode belongs to the public law field. The legal protection of the traditional martial arts is the double protection of the complementarity of the two. The dual protection mode is helpful to complement and complement each other between the two legal systems. It not only protects the interests of the rights holders' private rights, but also protects the public welfare characteristics of the intangible cultural heritage rights. It helps to protect the interests of the right people and help the heritage, innovation and use of traditional martial arts.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G852;D922.16

【参考文献】