轮胎动平衡在线检测试验机研制及其关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 10:05

本文选题：轮胎动平衡 + 在线检测　；参考：《山东大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：在交通运输业和汽车工业飞速发展的带动下,轮胎工业取得了飞跃式的发展。我国轮胎产量名列世界前列,但高品质且具有代表性的品牌轮胎尚为紧缺。欧美等国家则通过不断修订检测标准提高轮胎质量要求,从汽车生产商到轮胎销售商对汽车轮胎的质量检验均提出了更高要求。在其严格的质量管理控制体系中,轮胎的动平衡性能倍受重视。因为车辆高速行驶过程中,轮胎的不平衡量会导致车轮的颠簸和摇摆,影响车辆行驶的操纵性能、平稳性能、安全性能好舒适性能。若长时间行驶会导致胎冠升温,振动持续不断地冲击轮胎最薄弱的部位使之老化引起爆胎。由轮胎引起的交通事故在我国逐年递增,关系着许多人的生命安全。通过对轮胎质量的在线检测和质量分析,基于检测数据技术人员可以追溯和审核各项工艺参数,探索高品质轮胎生产的关键技术和规律,为工艺的改进提供理论指导。同时,降低次品胎比率,减少污染,节约能源,向绿色轮胎方向发展。目前,国内轮胎生产商占有的轮胎试验机数量有限甚至没有配备,仅山东省内就分布有上百家的轮胎小企业,规模小、技术装备差、轮胎废品率高、浪费能源。轮胎质量检测技术和设备无法满足轮胎生产企业对轮胎研发、质量检测和控制、工艺参数追溯的要求。再者,对大批量的待检轮胎做到每胎必检,检测效率是重大挑战,对于在线检测尤其严峻。因此,研发高精度、高性价比、高效率的轮胎质量在线检测试验设备一直是汽车生产企业和轮胎生产企业关注的重点。本文基于生产和检测现场的工艺流程和实际使用需求,研制新型轮胎动平衡在线检测试验机。借助于力学分析、数学建模、计算分析软件和实验研究等方法,研究并攻克其关键技术。主要研究内容包括：1.提出了两种不同结构的轮胎动平衡在线检测试验机的几何模型和在线检测智能控制解算系统。2.根据动力学理论,对测试过程中受到交变动态载荷作用的主轴系统进行模态分析。采用传递矩阵方法和有限元方法,求解下主轴系统、上主轴系统、上下主轴耦联系统的临界转速和固有频率。探讨轴承刚度、轴承间距、“轮辋-轮胎”质量以及外悬伸量对临界转速和固有频率的影响。为测量转速的选择提供指导,以避开共振区域,保证设备运行的稳定性和使用的安全性。3.根据理论力学空间力系的平移等效原理,提出轮胎动平衡试验机的动力学模型。基于轮胎动平衡试验机的测控原理,简化并构建“主轴-轮辋-轮胎”的解算模型、量标定模型和偏心补偿模型。动平衡测量过程是一个多变量非线性动态间接的测量过程,采用基于实验的影响系数法对系统进行量的标定。基于黑箱理论,采用最小二乘方法求解量标定的复影响系数。偏心补偿主要采用基2的整次幂反向消除法进行偶数次测量计算试验机系统自身的不平衡量。4.影响量标定系数解算准确度的关键因素的研究分析。基于引入的“多级轮辋”和“段差”测量方式,考虑轮辋宽度对轮胎不平衡量解算的影响,修正量标定模型,提出了等效解算模型和算法。以实验研究方式,探讨传感器预紧力、电荷放大器量程与分辨率、标定砝码重量等关键参数对测试结果的影响。基于上下主轴锁紧结构和工作方式,提出无胎标定方法。降低标定操作引入的装夹误差,消除轮胎胎压波动、胎圈润滑效果欠佳等因素导致的不稳定性,缩短标定时间。以零校正方式验证无胎标定方式具有略高的稳定性和重复性。5.影响系统不平衡量分离解算和系统稳定性的关键因素的研究分析。提出两种新型补偿轮辋结构,将系统不平衡量降至理想范围。新型补偿轮辋的使用,结合偏心补偿操作和算法,可获得越来越精确的量标定影响系数和系统自身不平衡量。再者,基于大量工程实践过程中出现的上下轮辋相对位置错位现象,提出了在线纠偏补偿策略,并组建了控制系统。6.提出了“自适应分层——自相关阈值”的小波阈值降噪方法。采用余弦窗FFT插值改进算法进行频谱分析,有效地抑制了频谱泄露和栅栏效应,为信号特征的准确提取奠定了基础。基于大量的现场试验,采用零校正测试和MN测试方式对测量结果的准确度和稳定性进行验证。经鉴定,达到了国内领先水平。该试验机关键技术的研究,对轮胎动平衡试验机的设计提供了理论和技术支持,为研制开发具有完全自主知识产权的高精度的轮胎动平衡试验机指出了一条切实可行的途径,对提高我国轮胎质量有较大的理论意义和实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation and automobile industry, the tire industry has made a leap forward development. Our tire production ranks the top in the world, but high quality and representative brand tyres are still scarce. Countries such as Europe and America improve the quality requirements of tire by constantly revising the testing standards, from automobile manufacturers to tire sales. There is a higher requirement for the quality inspection of automobile tires. In its strict quality management and control system, the dynamic balance performance of the tire is highly valued. Because the unbalance of the tire will lead to the bump and rocking of the wheel during the high speed of the vehicle, it will affect the operating performance, the stability and the safety of the vehicle. "Yes. If a long time runs, it will cause the crown to rise, and the vibration continues to impact the weakest part of the tire to cause the blowout. The traffic accidents caused by the tires are increasing year by year in our country, which is related to the safety of many people. Through the on-line testing and quality analysis of the quality of the tires, the technicians based on the testing data can pursue it." Review and review the technical parameters, explore the key technology and rules of high quality tire production, provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of the technology. At the same time, reduce the ratio of the secondary tire, reduce pollution, save energy, and develop to the direction of green tires. At present, the number of tire testing machines owned by domestic tire manufacturers is limited or not, only in Shandong province. There are hundreds of small tire enterprises with small size, poor technical equipment, high tire scrap rate and waste of energy. Tire quality testing technology and equipment can not meet tire production enterprises' tire development, quality inspection and control, process parameter tracing requirements. Major challenges are particularly severe for online testing. Therefore, research and development of high precision, cost-effective and efficient tire quality on-line testing equipment has always been the focus of automobile production enterprises and tire production enterprises. Based on the process flow and actual use demand of the production and testing site, this paper develops a new type of tire dynamic balance on-line inspection. With the help of mechanical analysis, mathematical modeling, calculation and analysis software and experimental research, the key technologies are studied and tackled. The main contents include: 1. the geometric model of the on-line test machine for dynamic balancing of tires and the online detection intelligent control solution system (.2.) of two different structures are presented. In the testing process, the spindle system of the alternating dynamic load is analyzed. Using the transfer matrix method and the finite element method, the critical speed and natural frequency of the spindle system, the upper spindle system, the upper and lower spindle coupling system are solved. The bearing stiffness, the bearing space, the wheel rim tires quality and the outer hanging quantity are discussed. The influence of rotational speed and natural frequency. Provide guidance for the selection of rotational speed, in order to avoid the resonance area, ensure the stability of the operation of the equipment and the safety of the use.3., based on the translation equivalence principle of the spatial force system of the theoretical mechanics, the dynamic model of the tire dynamic balance test machine is proposed. The calculation model of "spindle wheel rim tires", the calibration model and the eccentricity compensation model are constructed. The dynamic balance measurement process is a multi variable nonlinear dynamic indirect measurement process, and the measurement of the system is calibrated by the influence coefficient method based on the experiment. Based on the black box theory, the least square method is used to solve the complex influence of the calibration. Coefficient. The eccentricity compensation mainly adopts the whole power inverse elimination method of base 2 to carry out the research and analysis of the key factors of the calculation accuracy of the calibration coefficient of the unbalance quantity.4. influence of the even number of measurement and calculation test machine system itself. Based on the introduction of the "multistage rim" and "segment difference" method, the wheel rim width is considered for the unbalance of the tire. The influence of the calculation, the calibration model and the equivalent calculation model and algorithm. The influence of the key parameters such as the pretightening force of the sensor, the range and resolution of the charge amplifier, the weight of the weight and other key parameters on the test results are discussed by the experimental research method. The non tire calibration method is proposed based on the upper and lower spindle locking structure and working mode. In order to eliminate the instability and shorten the calibration time caused by the tire pressure fluctuation, the poor lubrication effect of the tire and so on, the zero correction mode has been used to verify the analysis of the key factors of the unbalance calculation and the stability of the system system with high stability and repeatability.5.. Two The new compensation wheel rim structure will reduce the system imbalance to the ideal range. The use of the new compensation wheel rim, combined with eccentricity compensation operation and algorithm, can obtain more and more accurate calibration influence coefficient and system self imbalance. Furthermore, based on a large number of engineering practice, the relative position dislocation of the upper and lower rim of the rim is proposed. The online correction compensation strategy is proposed, and the control system.6. has set up the wavelet threshold denoising method of "adaptive Stratification - autocorrelation threshold". Using the cosine window FFT interpolation to improve the spectrum analysis, it effectively inhibits the spectrum leakage and the fence effect, and lays the foundation for the accurate extraction of signal characteristics. The accuracy and stability of the measurement results are verified by the zero correction test and MN test. The key technology of the test machine is studied. The theoretical and technical support is provided for the design of the tire dynamic balance test machine, and the high precision of the complete independent intellectual property is developed for the research and development of the test machine. The tire dynamic balancing tester has pointed out a practical way, which has great theoretical significance and practical application value for improving the tire quality in China.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U467.4

【参考文献】