白色单头切花菊新品种选育

发布时间：2018-05-10 19:10

本文选题：白色单头切花菊杂交F_1代株系 + 观赏性　；参考：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：菊花(Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.)是我国传统名花,也是世界著名的四大切花之一。近年来我国的切花菊产业发展迅速,除内销外,也大量出口日本、韩国等,其中日本为切花菊的主要消费国,尤其是白色单头切花菊的需求巨大。但目前我国白色单头切花菊品种主要为夏菊‘优香’和‘岩白扇’、秋菊‘神马’等,均为日本培育品种,一则一些品种需要支付品种保护费,增加了企业负担；同时由于引进品种单一,不能够满足我国不同气候、设施和市场特点的需求,因此迫切需要培育出具有自主知识产权的综合性质优良的品种。为此,本试验以杂交育种获得的杂交F1代株系为材料,建立白色单头切花菊的综合性状评价体系,并对59个杂交后代初选株系进行观赏性性状、抗性等性状评价,计算其综合品质得分并分级,以选育综合性状优秀的株系,为进一步选定新品种奠定基础。主要研究结果如下：1.白色单头切花菊杂交后代株系观赏性综合评价根据国内外单头切花菊的商品标准要求,选择花径、花色亮白度、花型、瓶插后的花序寿命和水养开放度等12个性状为观赏性评价指标,对59个白色单头切花菊杂交F1代株系的观赏性指标进行了观察和统计。构建了白色单头切花菊杂交株系观赏性综合评价体系,确定了各因子最终的综合权重值,其中花色亮白度对白色单头切花菊观赏性影响最大,权重值为0.229,其次为瓶插花序寿命、瓶插开放度和花径,权重值分别为0.131、0.131、0.109。分别计算59个杂交F1代株系的观赏性综合得分,利用类间平均链锁法(Between-groups Linkage)并根据各株系观赏性综合得分的聚类中心值划分为优、良、一般3个等级,各级株系数量分别为27、22、10,所占比例分别为45.8%、37.3%、16.9%。2.白色单头切花菊杂交后代株系抗性评价从对观赏性优良的30个株系进行抗蚜虫性和耐涝性试验。抗蚜虫性试验采用苗期室内人工接种蚜虫,统计蚜量比值的方法进行评价；结果表明,各株系间抗蚜虫性差异显著,母本拥有蚜虫抗性的杂交组合中筛选出了1个中抗、2个抗性株系,另一个亲本都为低抗的杂交组合后代中出现超亲现象,有1个抗性株系,其他都为低抗与不抗株系。耐涝性通过苗期盆栽水淹法,观察植株在涝性胁迫过程中水淹寿命、叶色、叶片形态和茎干形态四个表型性状,对各株系进行打分,在不进行加权处理条件下计算各材料的总得分。最后利用层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法对各株系进行分级,最终将各株系分为5个等级,得到耐涝性材料2个,较耐涝的4个,中度耐涝的7个,较不耐涝的14个,不耐涝的12个。3.白色单头切花菊杂交后代株系综合性状评价将切花菊的观赏性品质、抗性品质和生产特性综合起来,建立白色单头切花菊杂交后代株系综合性状层次分析评价体系。计算各项指标的权重,对各株系进行打分,总得分利用K-Means聚类分析进行分级,将30个株系划分为3个等级,数字3、2、1分别代表F1代综合性状品质优、良、一般,聚类中心为2.3516、2.0643、1.7666。其中优等级株系有6个,占20%,该等级株系花色亮白、生产特性优秀；良等级株系有13个,占43.3%,该等级植株花色洁白,各性状均优良；一般等级株系有11个,占36.7%,花色白,性状表现一般。筛选出优良品种6个。
[Abstract]:Flos Chrysanthemi ( Ramat . ) It is one of the most famous flowers in China , and it is one of the famous four cutting flowers in the world . In recent years , China ' s flower and flower industry has developed rapidly . In recent years , China ' s flower - flower chrysanthemum industry has been developing rapidly . In addition to the domestic sales , Japan is the main consumer of cut chrysanthemum , especially the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum . However , the white single - headed chrysanthemum variety is mainly the summer chrysanthemum ' Youxiang ' and ' rock white fan ' , the autumn chrysanthemum ' Shenma ' and so on , all of which are Japanese breeding varieties , and a variety of varieties need to pay the variety protection fee , increase the enterprise burden ;
A comprehensive evaluation system was established to evaluate the ornamental characters of the hybrid F1 generation lines . The results were as follows : 1 . The ornamental comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of white single - head cut chrysanthemum was established . The results were as follows : 1 . The comprehensive evaluation system of the hybrid F1 generation lines of the white single - headed flower chrysanthemum was established .
The results showed that there was a significant difference in aphid resistance among all lines . In the hybrid combinations with resistance to aphid , there were 1 middle and two resistant strains , and the other parents had four phenotypic traits of low resistance to waterlogging .
There were 13 ( 43 . 3 % ) good grade strains , and the plants were white and excellent in all characters .
There were 11 general grade strains , which accounted for 36 . 7 % , the color was white and the characters showed general . 6 varieties were screened out .

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S682.11

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