射流式水力振荡器理论分析与试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 01:26

本文选题：定向钻井 + 滑动钻进　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着全球范围内油气资源勘探开发程度日益加剧，钻井技术朝着水平井、大斜度井、大位移井等定向钻井领域发展，常规成熟的滑动导向钻井方法基本满足了勘探开发的需求。但是定向钻井过程中会遇到大量钻进难题，如摩阻扭矩大、钻压传递困难、钻进效率低等，减摩降扭技术一直是钻井界和学术界非常关注的问题，研究重点集中在井眼轨迹控制、钻井泥浆润滑性、井眼清洁方法、专用减摩降扭工具研制、高强度钻具研发等方面。国内外研制了很多种专用的减摩降扭工具，经过相关技术调研，文中介绍了几种机械式的减摩降扭工具，如威德福滚子减阻器、降摩阻短节、连续管减摩器、轴向振荡减阻器等，有的工具已经系列化生产并在很多钻井工程中得到了成功应用，有的工具则还处在理论研究阶段或试验阶段，不同的定向钻井类型，有不同的专用工具，种类层出不穷。但已经得到推广应用的产品都是国外钻井公司研发生产的，如Agitator轴向振荡减阻器，国内钻井工程使用该工具就要购置、租赁或者雇佣其技术服务，费用极其昂贵，大大增加了钻井成本，因此国内各大钻井研究机构都在加大力度进行专用减摩降扭工具的自主研发。而射流式冲击回转技术是我国具有自主知识产权的独特技术，本文从射流式冲击器的工作性能、模拟仿真技术、测试技术、试验应用等方面对该技术进行了全面调研。针对定向钻井中的减摩降扭问题，结合振动减摩阻技术和射流式冲击回转技术，研制了一种专用的减摩降扭工具射流式水力振荡器，其结构由上部的轴向振动短节和下部的射流式压力脉冲短节组成，基本原理是利用脉冲压力产生轴向振动力，加入井底钻具组合，改善井内钻柱与井壁或套筒之间的摩擦条件，起到减摩降扭的作用，提高钻进效率，增强钻压传递能力，促进井眼轨迹的延伸，加大井眼的资源开发能力。本文的研究重点主要围绕射流式水力振荡器的设计理论分析、数值模拟计算和试验研究，具体的研究内容与结论如下： 1.调研了减摩降扭技术和射流式冲击回转技术的发展现状和应用前景，以及研发射流式水力振荡器的必要性和关键技术问题，完成了射流式水力振荡器的图纸设计、工作原理分析、CFD数值模拟计算、样机加工及两次地面试验。 2.对射流式水力振荡器进行CFD数值模拟计算，尤其是对压力脉冲短节进行了流体参数的分析，详细描述了数值模拟计算步骤，包括湍流模型选择、算法选择、计算域网格模型的建立、初始条件和边界条件的定义、动网格技术、滑移网格技术、用户自定义函数（UDF）、时间步设置等。通过CFD数值模拟计算，监测到了工作中射流元件的附壁切换的过程、活塞的往复运动过程以及活塞杆在节流盘锥形孔中的往复运动过程，得到了不同输入流量条件下射流式水力振荡器的工作参数变化情况，并着重研究分析了射流式压力脉冲短节的压力参数变化情况。 3.通过两次地面试验，在不同输入流量条件下射流式水力振荡器均能稳定可靠的工作，利用数据采集系统采集记录了射流式压力脉冲短节上4个测点的压力数据和轴向振动短节上1个测点的位移数据，重要的是验证了该技术的原理可行性。 4.射流式水力振荡器的振动位移和工作频率已经达到了该工具的设计要求，但是工作压力降参数偏高。 5.有无节流盘结构对射流式水力振荡器的正常工作没有影响，但是节流盘的存在与否会影响射流式水力振荡器的工作参数，其中无节流盘结构的射流式水力振荡器的工作压力降较低。 6.工作压力降和工作频率与输入流量基本呈线性关系。而振动位移与输入流量则不是简单的变化关系，，在输入流量小于14L/s时，振动位移值较小，小于3.2mm，而当输入流量大于等于14L/s时，振动位移值较大，大于5.5mm，但是输入流量为16L/s时，振动位移值却小于14L/s的位移值。综合分析可知，14L/s应该接近于Φ120mm射流式水力振荡器工作的最佳输入流量，振动位移最大，工作压力降适中。本文的主要创新点包括： 1.设计研制了一种用于水平井、大斜度井、大位移井等各种定向钻井中专用的减摩降扭工具射流式水力振荡器，将振动减摩技术和射流式冲击回转技术结合在一起，起到改善钻压传递，提高钻进效率的作用。 2.以往射流式液动冲击器工作参数的研究重点是冲击末速度、冲击功、冲击频率及射流元件的参数，而射流式水力振荡器工作参数的研究重点是工作压力降、工作频率及活塞运动在射流元件入口处产生的脉冲压力值。 3.在CFD数值模拟计算方面，引入FLUENT软件中的滑移网格技术中的Interface设置，这一功能主要用来处理动态流体区域与静止流体区域之间存在的交界面，用该技术来模拟活塞杆下端在节流盘锥形孔中的往复运动。 4.采用数据采集系统记录射流式水力振荡器的压力和振动位移数据，深入分析研究得到了该工具的工作压力降、工作频率及振动位移等参数随流量的变化规律。目前，射流式水力振荡器技术只是在地面试验中验证了其原理可行性，该技术的推广应用还需要在很多方面进行深入的研究，其工作参数如工作压力降、工作频率、振动位移等都具有很大的改善和优化空间，有待于日后进一步深入全面的研究。
[Abstract]:Along with the increasing degree of exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the global scope , the drilling technology has been developed in the field of directional drilling such as horizontal well , large slope well and large displacement well . The conventional mature sliding guide drilling method basically meets the demand of exploration and development . However , it is very important to the drilling industry and the academic circle in the course of directional drilling , such as high friction torque , difficult drilling pressure transmission , low drilling efficiency and the like , and the research focuses on the development of borehole trajectory control , drilling mud lubricity , borehole cleaning method , special antifriction and torsion tool development , high strength drilling tool development and the like .

This paper introduces several kinds of mechanical anti - friction torque - reducing tools , such as Westford roller drag reducer , friction reducing resistance pup joint , continuous tube friction reducer , axial oscillation drag reducer , etc .

In this paper , a special friction reducing and torque - reducing tool jet type hydraulic oscillator is developed for reducing friction and torque reduction problems in directional drilling . The structure is composed of the upper axial vibration pup joint and the lower jet type pressure pulse short section . The basic principle is to use the pulse pressure to generate axial vibration force , to improve the drilling efficiency , to improve the drilling pressure transmission capability , to promote the extension of the borehole trajectory and to increase the resource development capacity of the borehole . The research focus of this paper mainly focuses on the design theory analysis , numerical simulation calculation and experimental study of the jet type hydraulic oscillator , and the specific research contents and conclusions are as follows :

1 . The development status and application prospect of friction reducing and torque reduction technology and jet impinging rotary technology are investigated , and the necessity and key technology of jet type hydraulic oscillator are researched . The drawing design , working principle analysis , CFD numerical simulation calculation , prototype processing and two ground tests are completed .

2 . The numerical simulation of jet type hydraulic oscillator is carried out , in particular to the analysis of the fluid parameters of the short section of the pressure pulse . The numerical simulation calculation step is described in detail , including the selection of the turbulence model , the selection of the algorithm , the definition of the computational domain mesh model , the dynamic grid technology , the slip grid technology , the user custom function ( UDF ) , the time step setting , etc . Through the CFD numerical simulation calculation , the working parameters change of the jet type hydraulic oscillator under different input flow conditions are obtained , and the change of the pressure parameters of the jet type pressure pulse short section is emphatically studied .

3 . Through two ground tests , the jet type hydraulic oscillator can work stably and reliably under different input flow conditions , and the displacement data of the pressure data and the axial vibration pup joint on the short section of the jet type pressure pulse short section are acquired by the data acquisition system . It is important to verify the feasibility of the technology .

4 . The vibration displacement and operating frequency of the jet hydraulic oscillator have reached the design requirement of the tool , but the working pressure drop parameter is high .

5 . There is no influence on the normal operation of the jet type hydraulic oscillator with the structure of the throttle plate , but the presence or absence of the throttle can affect the working parameters of the jet type hydraulic oscillator , and the working pressure drop of the jet type hydraulic oscillator without the throttle plate structure is low .

6 . The working pressure drop and the working frequency are linearly related to the input flow . The vibration displacement and the input flow rate are not the simple change relation . When the input flow rate is less than 14 L / s , the vibration displacement value is smaller and less than 3.2mm , but when the input flow rate is greater than or equal to 14 L / s , the vibration displacement value is smaller than 5 . 5 mm , but when the input flow rate is 16 L / s , the vibration displacement value is smaller than the displacement value of 14 L / s . The comprehensive analysis shows that the vibration displacement is the best , the vibration displacement is the maximum , and the working pressure drop is moderate .

The main innovations of this article include :

1 . A kind of water - reducing and torque - reducing tool jet type hydraulic oscillator used in directional drilling , such as horizontal well , large - deviated well and large - displacement well , is designed and developed . The vibration - reducing technology and jet - type impact - rotating technology are combined to improve the drilling pressure transmission and improve the drilling efficiency .

2 . The research focus of the working parameters of the conventional jet hydraulic impactor is the impact tip speed , the impact work , the impact frequency and the parameters of the jet element , and the research focus of the working parameters of the jet type hydraulic oscillator is the working pressure drop , the operating frequency and the pulse pressure value generated by the movement of the piston at the inlet of the jet element .

3 . In CFD numerical simulation , the interface setting in the sliding grid technique in FLUENT software is introduced . This function is mainly used to deal with the interface between the dynamic fluid area and the stationary fluid area , which is used to simulate the reciprocating motion of the lower end of the piston rod in the conical hole of the throttle plate .

4 . Using the data acquisition system to record the pressure and vibration displacement data of the jet type hydraulic oscillator , the working pressure drop , the operating frequency and the vibration displacement of the tool are analyzed in depth .

At present , the jet - type hydraulic oscillator technology has verified the feasibility of the principle in the ground test , and the application of the technology needs to be deeply studied in many ways , and the working parameters such as the working pressure drop , the working frequency and the vibration displacement have great improvement and optimization space , and further in - depth study will be further developed in the future .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE921

【参考文献】