论经营者集中申报标准实施机制的完善

发布时间：2018-05-18 09:30

本文选题：申报标准 + 自由裁量　；参考：《法学家》2016年06期

【摘要】：经营者集中申报标准的实施是在法定标准与执法自由裁量权的有机融合中动态实现的,当法定标准对实际案件涵摄不足时,执法机构应在自由裁量范围内主动发起调查。目前,法定标准与自由裁量权的行使存在断裂:一方面,以营业额为依据的定量申报方式存在灵活性不足、不精确且在实质上损害竞争等弊端,尤其是忽视产业经济特征、知识产权、技术创新等不可量化因素对企业市场地位的影响,无法对网络经济领域的经营者集中作出有效识别;另一方面,自由裁量权未受到充分约束,存在滥用与怠政风险,执法行为不能有效回应市场主体的利益关切。应以"营业额与盖然性市场份额结合的一般申报标准——符合具体产业特征的特殊申报标准——可问责的执法自由裁量行为"来优化申报标准实施机制:以营业额与盖然性市场份额标准相结合改造法定申报标准;通过制定专门申报指南满足网络经济等特殊产业的申报要求;将不可量化因素引入申报标准体系,通过自由裁量权规范行使推动申报标准有效运行;同时,加强程序控制和引入问责制强化内部控制,防范自由裁量权的滥用与怠政,并在外部建立司法监督机制。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the centralized reporting standard of the operator is realized dynamically in the organic fusion of the legal standard and the law enforcement discretion. When the legal standard does not contain enough actual cases, the law enforcement agency should initiate the investigation actively within the scope of discretion. At present, there is a break between the exercise of legal standards and discretion: on the one hand, the quantitative reporting method based on turnover has some disadvantages, such as lack of flexibility, imprecision and substantial damage to competition, especially neglecting the characteristics of industrial economy. The influence of non-quantifiable factors such as intellectual property rights and technological innovation on the market position of enterprises cannot effectively identify the concentration of operators in the field of network economy; on the other hand, discretion is not sufficiently restricted, and there are risks of abuse and slack administration. Law enforcement does not respond effectively to the interest concerns of market participants. The implementation mechanism of reporting standard should be optimized by "general declaration standard combining turnover with market share of certainty-special declaration standard in accordance with specific industry characteristics-accountable enforcement discretion": Combining the quota with the criterion of market share of inevitability, reforming the standard of legal declaration; Through the development of special declaration guidelines to meet the network economy and other special industries to declare requirements; the introduction of non-quantifiable factors in the declaration standard system, through the exercise of discretion to regulate the effective operation of the declaration standards, at the same time, Strengthen the procedure control and introduce the accountability system to strengthen the internal control, prevent the abuse of discretion, and establish the judicial supervision mechanism outside.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.294

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