基于中外比较的我国种业产业化发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:52

本文选题：种业产业化 + 发展状况　；参考：《福建农林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国种业正以飞快的速度进入一个崭新的发展阶段，2000年《种子法》的颁布实施，社会经济快速发展，不断完善的法律法规为我国种子企业提供一个非常优良的成长环境。伴随着全球经济一体化进程的不断发展，跨国种子企业纷纷进入我国，带来的是先进的研发、生产经营、企业管理经验，对我国种业造成较大的冲击。本文主要从中外种业发展进行比较，分析发达国家种业发展经验教训，探讨我国种业发展方向。首先根据不同阶段的特征将我国种业发展分成三个发展阶段，我国种业发展的现状是种业的竞争力和创新力低、市场大、产业集中度低，与发达国家存在差距，种业发展面临机遇和挑战。分析以美国为代表发达国家种业发展的四个时期以及每个时期的特点，国际化、多元化、集中化是发达国家种业发展的趋势。其次是分析世界种子发展格局，了解各国国内商品种子的价值，分析2012年各国进、出口种子的情况。1970年以来尤其1985年后国际种子贸易额呈快速上升趋势，近年来我国农作物种子进口呈现上升趋势，进口农作物种子以蔬菜作物种子为主。国际大型种子企业不断兼并重组，集中度越来越高，，全球转基因作物种植面积逐年扩大。从法律制度、种子市场管理、企业的规模效益和育种水平等几个不同的角度分析以我国与以美国为首的发达国家种业的差异，找出之间差距，学习其先进技术和管理经验。分析我国农作物单产变化，1990年以来单产不断提高，其中良种对粮食增产的贡献率大，种业发展对粮食生产的的贡献很大。对我国近年一些重要文件关于种业发展政策进行归纳，这些政策促进了我国种业的发展。但我国种子企业数量多、规模偏小，企业对知识产权的重视程度不够，还不是研发的主体。我国种业发展过程中还存在认识上的误区、企业没成为市场主体、品牌保护意识薄弱等问题。最后在分析我国种业存在问题和借鉴国外先进经验基础上，提出改革我国种业监管模式、品种审定制度、现有的科研体制，加强企业的知识产权保护力度和人才培养，促进种业保险政策发展，修改、完善种子法律、法规、行业标准，加大生物技术研究等具体措施，分析我国种业的后发优势及提出今后发展战略。
[Abstract]:China's seed industry is entering a new stage of development at a rapid speed. The promulgation and implementation of the seed Law in 2000, the rapid development of social economy, and the continuous improvement of laws and regulations provide a very good growth environment for Chinese seed enterprises. With the continuous development of global economic integration, multinational seed enterprises have entered China, bringing advanced research and development, production and management, enterprise management experience, causing a great impact on the seed industry in China. This paper compares the development of seed industry at home and abroad, analyzes the experience and lessons of seed industry development in developed countries, and probes into the developing direction of seed industry in China. Firstly, according to the characteristics of different stages, the development of seed industry in China is divided into three stages. The present situation of the development of seed industry in China is that the competitive and innovative ability of seed industry is low, the market is large, the degree of industrial concentration is low, and there is a gap between China's seed industry and developed countries. The development of seed industry is faced with opportunities and challenges. This paper analyzes the development trend of seed industry in developed countries, which is characterized by internationalization, diversification and centralization, which represent the four periods and the characteristics of each stage of the development of seed industry in developed countries, which is represented by the United States. The second is to analyze the pattern of seed development in the world, to understand the value of commodity seeds in various countries, and to analyze the import and export of seeds in 2012. Since 1970, especially after 1985, the volume of international seed trade has shown a rapid upward trend. In recent years, the import of crop seeds in China is on the rise, mainly vegetable seeds. International large-scale seed enterprises continue to merge and reorganize, the concentration degree is higher and higher, the global genetically modified crops planting area expands year by year. This paper analyzes the differences between China and the developed countries, such as legal system, seed market management, enterprise scale benefit and breeding level, finds out the gap between China and the developed countries, and studies its advanced technology and management experience. By analyzing the change of crop yield in China, the yield per unit yield has been increasing continuously since 1990, in which the contribution of improved varieties to grain production is great, and the development of seed industry has great contribution to grain production. The development policies of seed industry in some important documents of China in recent years are summarized. These policies promote the development of seed industry in China. However, the number of seed enterprises in China is large, the scale is small, the enterprises pay less attention to intellectual property rights, and they are not the main body of R & D. In the course of the development of seed industry in China, there are still some misunderstandings, such as the enterprises have not become the main body of the market, the consciousness of brand protection is weak, and so on. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the problems existing in the seed industry of our country and drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the reform of the supervision mode of the seed industry, the examination and approval system of varieties, the existing scientific research system, the strengthening of the protection of intellectual property rights of enterprises and the cultivation of talents. To promote the development of seed industry insurance policy, to modify and perfect the seed laws, regulations, industry standards and other specific measures, to analyze the advantages of seed industry in China and put forward the development strategy in the future.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F324.6

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