早产与低出生体重儿配方奶粉的研制

发布时间：2018-05-25 10:20

本文选题：早产与低出生体重儿配方奶粉 + 营养需要　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：本课题是“十二五”即“2011-2015年中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要”国家科技支撑计划“现代奶业发展科技工程”项目的一部分。我国每年新出生的早产与低出生体重儿约有100万左右，由于早产儿尚未在母亲体内摄取到最够生长需要的养分，来不及发育成熟，因此组织器官的容易出现功能障碍。健康早产儿的营养需要与正常足月儿不同，为早产儿提供营养支持的目的不仅是提高其存活率，而是一个系统性的工程，从其出生后早期住院期间一直持续到出院后，婴儿阶段乃至青春期，为其长期的健康状况打下基础。对早产与低出生体重儿进行正确喂养，，是指既要避免必需营养素和条件必需营养素不足造成的发育不良和长期认知行为方面的障碍，又要避免营养过量可能增加成人后患高血压、高血脂、Ⅱ型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的风险。母乳是早产儿营养摄入的第一标准，早产儿母乳比足月儿母乳更接近早产儿的需求，但是仍然需要强化个别营养素，同时需要注意强化剂复配使用会增加母乳渗透压等问题。在母乳不足时，应选择捐赠母乳，再其次需要使用早产儿配方奶粉进行喂养，国内亟待研发具有自主知识产权的早产儿配方奶粉。本课题研制的奶粉配方设计从蛋白质调配、氨基酸模式、脂肪的调配、饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比例、亚油酸含量、亚油酸与亚麻酸比例、碳水化合物的调配、矿物质与维生素的强化等方面进行。制备出奶粉后进行工业小试及中试生产，最终完善成为稳定的商业化产品。本研究以进口市售早产儿奶粉作为对照，一方面分析了研制早产与低出生体重儿奶粉的物理化学特性，包括化学成分分析，渗透压测定，氨基酸分析及评分，奶粉的流动性和溶解性等内容；另一方面，按照GB10767-1997所述进行大鼠喂养实验，测定这款研制奶粉的蛋白质功效比值（protein efficiency ratio, PER）。综上所述，此款自主研制的配方奶粉能够达到早产与低出生体重儿的营养需要，具有较好的促进生长效果，其物理化学性质符合国家标准中的相应要求。
[Abstract]:This subject is a part of the 12th Five-Year Plan of the people's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development for 2011-2015, the National Science and Technology support Plan, "Scientific and technological Engineering for the Development of Modern Dairy Industry". There are about 1 million preterm births and low birth weight infants in China every year. Because premature infants have not yet got the most nutrients needed for growth in their mothers, they do not have enough time to develop and mature, so the tissues and organs are prone to dysfunction. The nutritional needs of healthy preterm infants are different from those of normal full-term infants. Nutritional support for preterm infants is not only designed to improve survival rates, but also a systematic project that lasts from early postnatal hospitalization until discharge. Infancy and adolescence lay the foundation for their long-term health. Proper feeding of preterm and low-birth weight infants means that stunting and long-term cognitive behavioural disorders resulting from both essential and conditional deficiencies in nutrients should be avoided, Avoid overnourishment that may increase the risk of metabolic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes in adults. Breast milk is the first standard of nutrition intake in premature infants. Breast milk of premature infants is more close to the needs of premature infants than that of full-term infants, but it still needs to strengthen individual nutrients, and pay attention to the problems such as increasing osmotic pressure of breast milk when combined with fortifier. When breast milk is insufficient, we should choose to donate breast milk, and then we should use formula milk to feed premature infants. In our country, it is urgent to develop formula of premature infants with independent intellectual property rights. The formula of milk powder was designed from protein blending, amino acid pattern, fat blending, saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid ratio, linoleic acid content, linoleic acid to linolenic acid ratio, carbohydrate blending. Mineral and vitamin fortified and so on. After preparing milk powder, industrial trial and pilot-scale production were carried out. Finally, it became a stable commercial product. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of milk powder for premature and low birth weight infants were analyzed, including chemical component analysis, osmotic pressure determination, amino acid analysis and score. On the other hand, according to the experiment of rat feeding mentioned by GB10767-1997, the ratio of protein efficacy and protein efficiency, peroxidase were determined. To sum up, this formula can meet the nutritional needs of premature and low birth weight infants, and has a good effect of promoting growth, and its physical and chemical properties meet the corresponding requirements of the national standard.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS252.51

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