重型载重汽车液力自动变速换挡策略与品质研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 23:06

本文选题：液力自动变速器 + 动力传动　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展，重大基础设施建设、旧城区改造、大型矿藏开发等项目急剧增多，对重型载重汽车的需求迅速增加。巨大的需求量给重型载重汽车行业的发展带来了机遇，也使行业竞争更加激烈。目前国内生产的重型载重汽车多采用手动变速，这主要是由于国内对于自动变速技术核心部分的研究尚不够成熟，不具备自主知识产权。然而重型载重汽车的工作工况复杂多变，换挡频繁，且换挡冲击大，驾驶员极易疲劳，因此实现重型载重汽车的自动变速，不但对提高车辆的性能有重大意义，还能在很大程度上减轻驾驶员的劳动强度，降低事故发生率。当前，我国生产的装备液力自动变速器的重型载重汽车的自动变速器主要依赖进口或国内外合资企业生产，核心技术主要掌握在欧美、日本等国家。换挡规律是自动变速器的核心问题之一，它对车辆的动力性、燃油经济性、通过性及对环境的适应能力有直接影响，由于国外自动变速器换挡规律技术封锁，因此只能通过自主研发，根据车辆的各种行驶因素，确定合理的换挡点、制定相应换挡策略，最终确定满足车辆不同使用要求的换挡规律，实现合理的自动换挡。同时，改善自动变速器的换挡品质同样是一个亟待解决的问题，国外对换挡过程中搭接时序的控制、减小换挡冲击、保证换挡平顺性的研究较早，技术较为成熟，目前已处于实际应用阶段，而国内虽然已经开展了换挡品质控制的研究并取得了一定的成果，但目前尚处于研究阶段，与国外仍然存在较大差距。因此，面对国际市场的竞争和国内市场的需求，研究重型载重汽车液力自动变速器的核心关键技术成为当务之急。我国正处在发展自动变速技术的关键时刻，开展液力自动变速换挡策略与品质的研究，对我国重型载重汽车工业的发展具有重大的意义。针对以上问题，本文以杭州齿轮箱集团股份有限公司“重型及特种车辆自动变速技术研究”项目为依托，结合机械传动、流体传动（液力传动和液压传动）、自动控制等理论，对重型载重汽车自动变速换挡策略与品质进行深入研究，主要研究内容及相关结论如下。 1．动力传动系统及整车特性研究发动机与液力变矩器共同工作时，组成一种新的动力装置，只有二者合理匹配，车辆才具有良好的动力性和经济性。建立了发动机和液力变矩器在非稳定工况下的数学模型，对液力变矩器进行了CFD设计和特性计算，并设计了适用于重型载重汽车的自动变速箱。通过发动机与液力变矩器的匹配，得到了二者共同工作的输入特性、共同工作点和输出特性。建立了整车的动力学方程，计算了牵引特性和加速度特性，为制定动态三参数换挡规律奠定了基础。 2．引入曲轴角加速度的动态三参数换挡策略制定由于车辆的起动和换挡过程均在非稳定状态下完成，并且自动换挡具有平稳、冲击小、噪声低、选换挡准确及时等要求，因此重型载重汽车在自动换挡过程中合理地选择换挡点就尤为重要。提出了将发动机曲轴的角加速度作为控制参数之一的观点，其能够反映出油门开度的变化率，更真实地反映车辆换挡的动态过程。提出了一种新的以车速、油门开度和曲轴角加速度作为换挡控制参数的动态三参数换挡规律，并通过仿真分析对比了动态三参数换挡规律和两参数换挡规律的动力性与燃油经济性，结果表明动态三参数换挡规律在动力性和燃油经济性方面均优于两参数换挡规律。介绍了电控系统的电子控制单元（TCU）硬件电路实现方案，在其内部固化了各种控制程序，包括换挡控制、闭锁离合器控制、液力缓速器充排油控制、换挡品质控制等；将制定的换挡规律应用到TCU软件应用层软件开发中，给出实现路径。结果表明，发动机曲轴角加速度对换挡点的选取有较大影响，所提出的动态三参数换挡规律在提高自动变速车辆的性能、提高动力性和燃油经济性等方面有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。 3．换挡品质控制研究为了提高驾驶的平稳性、舒适性和安全性，同时延长传动系统元件的使用寿命，对AT换挡品质的研究就显得十分重要。建立了电液换挡控制系统的数学模型，并对其换挡时序的正确性进行仿真分析验证。针对换挡品质控制方法，采取开关电磁阀和比例电磁阀两种方案对比分析，虽然比例电磁阀能够实现更精确的控制，但考虑到工程实际情况，本文采用平稳结合阀控制换挡品质即开关电磁阀控制方案，并对平稳结合阀和离合器各参数对缓冲性能的影响进行了仿真分析。结果表明平稳结合阀控制的换挡接合油压平稳、换挡冲击小，并运用批处理功能得到了各个参数对缓冲特性的影响曲线，提高了建模仿真的效率。 4．电液控制系统试验在液力自动变速试验台上进行了电液控制系统自动换挡和换挡品质的试验研究。通过自动换挡试验，验证了本文提出的引入曲轴角加速度的动态三参数换挡规律的合理性，电液换挡控制系统自动换挡动作的正确性以及电子控制单元（TCU）能够实现自动换挡的功能。通过换挡品质试验，对比分析了换挡时离合器油压变化曲线的试验结果与仿真结果，试验结果表明建立的平稳结合阀仿真模型的正确性与有效性，以及应用平稳结合阀对换挡品质有较好的改善作用。本文针对重型载重汽车液力自动变速的换挡策略和换挡品质进行了详细的研究，，不但对提高车辆的动力性和经济性有重大意义，还能在很大程度上提高乘坐舒适性、减轻驾驶员的劳动强度、降低事故发生率，对液力自动变速器电液换挡控制技术的深入研究具有理论指导意义，为我国重型载重汽车液力自动变速的自主研发奠定良好的基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, major infrastructure construction, old urban reconstruction, large mineral exploitation and other projects have increased rapidly. The demand for heavy truck has increased rapidly. The huge demand has brought opportunities to the development of heavy truck industry, and also makes the industry more competitive. At present, the heavy heavy truck produced in China is more productive. With the manual transmission, it is mainly because the research on the core part of the automatic transmission technology is not mature enough and does not have independent intellectual property right. However, the working condition of heavy truck is complex and changeable, the shift is frequent, and the shift impact is great, the driver is very easy to fatigue. Therefore, the automatic transmission of heavy truck is not only to improve the vehicle. The performance of the vehicle is of great significance, and it can also greatly reduce the labor intensity of the driver and reduce the accident rate.
At present, the automatic transmission of heavy duty truck produced in China is mainly dependent on imported or domestic and foreign joint ventures, and the core technology is mainly in Europe and America, Japan and other countries. Shift regulation is one of the core problems of automatic transmission. It is dynamic, fuel economy, passing and ring to the vehicle. The adaptability of the country has a direct influence. Because of the technical blockade of the shifting law of the foreign automatic transmission, the proper shift point can be determined only by the independent research and development, according to the driving factors of the vehicle, the corresponding shift strategy is formulated, and the shifting rules satisfying the different use requirements of the vehicle are finally determined, and the reasonable automatic shift is realized. At the same time, the change of the shift is realized. The shifting quality of a good automatic transmission is also a problem to be solved urgently. The research on the control of the lap timing in the shift process, reducing the shift impact and ensuring the shift smoothness is earlier, the technology is more mature, and it is now in the practical application stage, although the study of the shift quality control has been carried out in China and has obtained one. It is still at the stage of research, but there is still a big gap with foreign countries. Therefore, facing the competition in the international market and the demand of the domestic market, it is urgent to study the key key technology of the automatic transmission of heavy truck. The study of gear shifting strategy and quality is of great significance to the development of heavy duty truck industry in China.
In view of the above problems, this paper, based on the project of Hangzhou gear box group Limited by Share Ltd "automatic transmission technology for heavy and special vehicles", combines the theory of mechanical transmission, fluid transmission (hydraulic transmission and hydraulic transmission) and automatic control, and studies the strategy and quality of the automatic shift shift of heavy duty truck. The contents and conclusions are as follows.
Study on the characteristics of 1. power transmission system and vehicle
When the engine and the torque converter work together, a new power device is formed. Only the two are properly matched, the vehicle has good power and economy. The mathematical model of the engine and the torque converter under the unsteady condition is set up, the CFD design and the characteristic calculation of the hydraulic torque converter are carried out, and the design is suitable for the heavy duty. The automatic transmission of a heavy truck. Through the matching of the engine and the torque converter, the input characteristics, the common working points and the output characteristics of the two work are obtained. The dynamic equations of the vehicle are established, the traction characteristics and the acceleration characteristics are calculated, which lays the foundation for the formulation of the dynamic three parameter shift regulation.
2. developing a dynamic three parameter shift strategy to introduce crankshaft angular acceleration.
Because the starting and shifting process of the vehicle are all completed in the unstable state, and the automatic shift is stable, the impact is small, the noise is low, and the shift is accurate and timely, so it is very important to choose the shift point in the automatic shift process. The angular acceleration of the engine crankshaft is proposed as the control parameter. One of the points of view, which can reflect the change rate of the throttle opening, reflects the dynamic process of the vehicle shift more truly. A new dynamic three parameter shift rule is proposed, which takes the speed, the throttle opening and the crankshaft angular acceleration as the shifting control parameters, and compares the three parameter shift and the two parameter shift through the simulation analysis. The dynamic and fuel economy of the law show that the dynamic three parameter shift rule is better than the two parameter shift rule in power and fuel economy. The realization scheme of the electronic control unit (TCU) hardware circuit is introduced, and various control programs are solidified inside it, including the shift control, the locking clutch control and the liquid. In the application layer software development of TCU software, it is applied to the software development of the software application layer and the realization path is given. The results show that the angular acceleration of the engine crankshaft has a great influence on the selection of the shift point, and the dynamic three parameter shifting law is raised to improve the performance of the automatic transmission vehicle and improve the performance of the automatic transmission vehicle. Power and fuel economy have important theoretical significance and engineering application value.
Study on 3. shift quality control
In order to improve the stability, comfort and safety of driving and prolong the service life of the drive system components, it is very important to study the shift quality of AT. A mathematical model of the electro-hydraulic shift control system is established, and the correctness of the shift timing is simulated and verified. Comparison and analysis of two schemes of solenoid valve and proportional solenoid valve, although proportional solenoid valve can achieve more precise control, but considering the actual situation of the project, this paper uses a stationary combination valve to control the shift quality, that is, the control scheme of the switch solenoid valve, and makes a simulation analysis on the impact of the parameters of the stationary combined valve and clutch on the cushioning performance. The results show that the oil pressure of the shifting joint controlled by the stationary valve is stable and the shift impact is small, and the impact curve of each parameter on the buffering characteristic is obtained by batch processing, and the efficiency of modeling and simulation is improved.
4. electrohydraulic control system test
The automatic shift and shift quality of the electro-hydraulic control system is tested on the automatic hydraulic transmission test platform. Through the automatic shift test, the rationality of the dynamic three parameter shift rules introduced in this paper, the correctness of the automatic shift operation of the electro-hydraulic shift control system and the electronic control unit (T CU) can realize the function of automatic shift. Through the shift quality test, the test results and simulation results of the clutch oil pressure change curve are compared and analyzed. The test results show that the correctness and effectiveness of the established simulation model of the stationary combination valve and the application of the stationary combination valve to the shift quality are better.
In this paper, the shift strategy and shift quality of heavy truck hydraulic automatic transmission are studied in detail, not only to improve the power and economy of the vehicle, but also to improve the riding comfort, reduce the driver's labor intensity, reduce the accident rate, and the electro-hydraulic shift of the hydraulic automatic transmission. The in-depth study of control technology has theoretical guiding significance and lays a good foundation for the independent development of heavy duty truck hydraulic automatic transmission.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.22

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