论我国形象权的建构

发布时间：2018-05-29 17:10

本文选题：人格 + 形象权　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：形象权是一项保护形象权人将其形象因素商业性利用,获得一定经济收益,并防止他人未经授权而恶意商业化使用的新型人格权。我国目前为止还没有完善的法律体系对形象利益加以保护,仅通过一些既有法律对其进行保护,例如著作权法、商标法、传统人格权法和反不正当竞争法等。然而,由于形象权的特殊性,各法对其进行规范和保护难免会不融洽,且存在法律漏洞的现象,使得形象权得不到充分的保护。由此可以明确,我国应当专门针对形象权益的保护设立一项新的法律。形象权的内容应当包括以下内容：形象权的性质、权利主体、权利客体、权利内容、形象权侵权认定、形象权侵权保护措施和形象权的限制等内容。本文由七个部分组成,包括引言、结语,以及以下五个部分：第一部分：论述了形象权的概念界定和法律保护的现实需要。首先,论述了国内外关于形象权概念的研究现状和界定。而关于形象权的性质,在理论界主要有四种观点：无形财产说、商事人格权说、知识产权说和新型人格权说。本文认为形象权属于新型人格。其次,权形象权的保护是市场经济发展的必然要求、完善我国法律体系的必然要求,并且有利于和国际接轨。第二部分：论述了确立形象权的理论依据。首先,理论基础。形象权的理论基础包括：劳动成果说、经济价值说和消费者保护说。其次,不能被其他相关权利所概括。形象权不能被现有人格权、著作权和商标权所概括。第三部分：论述了美国形象权及对其的借鉴。美国针对形象权的保护模式是以形象权和隐私权结合,并以《反不正当竞争法重述(第三版)》作为辅助的形式。然而,美国的形象权制度只停留于以州为单位的立法层面,而没有涉及到以联邦、国家为单位的立法层面。并且美国形象权法存在过于抽象,容易使人误解的问题。美国各州法也未将虚拟角色纳入形象权保护体系当中。我国在制定符合我国国情的形象权制度体系的时候,要吸取美国立法的精髓,并且注意和避免美国立法上存在的一些不足和缺陷,以达到进一步的完善。第四部分：论述了我国形象权的基本内容。形象权的主体包括自然人和虚构角色,并且自然人不限于“名人”,表演者对其表演的形象在一定程度上享有形象权,形象权在死者死后的一定期限内仍然存在。形象权的客体笔者将其界定为“信誉”,通过一定的载体,也就是形象权保护的对象(姓名、肖像、声音等能标识特殊身份的形象因素)表现出来。形象权的内容包括形象权人对其形象权的专有权和形象使用权,以及其形象维护权。第五部分：论述了我国形象权的保护。首先,我国现有保护模式对于形象利益的保护存在缺陷。其次,形象权的侵权认定和救济方式。再次,论述的是形象权与其他相关权利的冲突和解决该冲突的方式和原则。最后,形象权的限制。形象权受到保护的同时也受到公序良俗、言论自由、禁止滥用原则和保护期限的限制。形象权在我国只停留在理论阶段,立法层面尚未触及,仍旧一片空白。本文将对形象权加以定性,并在分析我国形象权保护现状的前提下,对美国形象权做一借鉴,从而为形象权的建构提出自己的建议。
[Abstract]:The right of image is a new personality right which protects the image right from the commercial use of its image factor, obtains certain economic benefits, and prevents other people from unauthorized and malicious commercial use. In the present, there is no perfect legal system to protect the image interests, and only through some existing laws to protect it, such as works. Right law, trademark law, traditional personality right law and anti unfair competition law. However, because of the particularity of the right of image, there will be no harmony between the norms and protection of the various laws, and there is a phenomenon of legal loopholes, which makes the right of image not fully protected. It is clear that China should set up a special protection for the protection of the rights and interests of the image. The new law. The content of the right of image should include the following contents: the character of the right of image, the subject of right, the object of the right, the content of the right, the identification of the infringement of the right of image, the protection of the right of image and the limitation of the right of image. This article is composed of seven parts, including the introduction, the knot and the following five parts:
The first part discusses the definition of the right of image and the practical needs of legal protection. First, it discusses the status and definition of the research on the concept of right of image at home and abroad. In the theoretical circle, there are four main points of view on the nature of the right of image: the theory of intangible property, the theory of commercial personality, the theory of intellectual property and the new personality right. The right of image belongs to the new personality. Secondly, the protection of right image right is the inevitable requirement of the development of the market economy, the inevitable requirement of perfecting the legal system of our country, and it is beneficial to the international integration.
The second part discusses the theoretical basis of establishing the right to image. First, the theoretical basis. The theoretical basis of the right of image includes the theory of labor results, economic value and consumer protection. Secondly, it can not be summarized by other related rights. The right of image can not be summed up by the existing personality rights, copyright and trademark rights.
The third part discusses the American image right and its reference. The protection mode of the right of image in the United States is combined with the right of image and the right to privacy, and the restatement of the Anti Unfair Competition Law (Third Edition) as an auxiliary form. However, the image rights system in the United States is only in the legislative level of the state, but not by the Federation, The state is the legislative level of the unit. And the American image rights law is too abstract and easy to misunderstand. The United States state law has not incorporated the virtual role into the image right protection system. In making the system of the image rights system that conforms to the national conditions of our country, we should absorb the essence of the United States national law, and pay attention to and avoid the United States. There are some deficiencies and defects in legislation so as to further improve.
The fourth part discusses the basic content of the right of image in our country. The main body of the right of image includes natural and fictional characters, and the natural person is not limited to the "celebrity", the performer enjoys the image right to some extent, and the right of image still exists in a certain period after the death of the deceased. The object of image right is defined as the object of image. "Reputation" is expressed through a certain carrier, that is, the object of the image right protection (name, portrait, sound, etc.). The content of the right of image includes the right of the image right and the right to use the image right, and the right to maintain the image.
The fifth part discusses the protection of the right of image in our country. First, there are defects in the protection mode of our country for the protection of the image interests. Secondly, the infringement identification and relief mode of the right of image. Again, the conflict between the right of image and other related rights and the formula and principle to solve the conflict. Finally, the limitation of image right. At the same time, it is also protected by public order and good customs, freedom of speech, prohibition of abuse of principle and limitation of protection.
The right of image in our country only stays in the theoretical stage, the legislative level has not yet been touched, still a blank. This article will make a qualitative analysis of the right to image, and on the premise of analyzing the status of the protection of the right of image in our country, make a reference to the right of image in the United States, and put forward some suggestions for the construction of the right of image.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】