出口导向政策对出口部门的绩效影响—中国与孟加拉国的对比

发布时间：2018-06-12 16:46

  本文选题：出口 + 导向　； 参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文评估中国与孟加拉国出口导向经济政策对出口部门增长的影响。人们普遍认为,开放政策会给经济带来潜在的利益与经济成本风险。出口部门的繁荣和适当的政策能有助于经济增长并减少风险因素带来的成本。二十世纪Hecksher-Ohlin的贸易要素禀赋理论解释说,发展中国家可以通过专业化的贸易劳动密集型产品的出口的受益,这是因为这些国家由于具有相对丰富的劳动资源禀赋从而这些产品生产商具有相对优势。但发展中国家存在的结构性问题、市场失灵和“新经济体制”,如Douglas C. North所质疑的自由贸易模式对发展中国家的影响,都说明了政策因素对促进经济转变的重要作用。 中国和孟加拉国分别于1978年和1990年采取了由进口替代政策到出口带动政策的转换来拉动经济增长。作为该过程的一部分,国家采取了经济体制改革、关税政策合理化、税收优惠、外汇政策和知识产权政策鼓励多边贸易,其他政策也被重新讨论以鼓励区域经济合作。中国的增长奇迹主要是伴随着出口部门的出色表现,基于经济不断开放的世界贸易网和贸易政策限制大幅度的减少。与比较优势理论一致,出口部门的建立成功构建并将出口产品组合分散到了大量市场上,以获得密集的贸易差价。出口产品的技术复杂化将出口品由低技术含量逐渐转换为中等和高技术产品。 孟加拉国竞争性出口部门在劳动密集型的低技术产品的出口方面的绩效也与比较优势理论相一致。随着国家稳步整合到世界贸易圈,可以发现经济开放度指数随着市场自由化逐步上升,,对贸易的期间限制大幅减少。出口部门的繁荣高度集中于少数部门和主要发达国家的市场。失败的出口产品组合源于未能实现出口产品和市场的多元化。出口产品的技术复杂性包含了低技术劳动密集型产品,与比较优势的劳动力要素禀赋相一致。技术复杂性指数未发现出口产品技术复杂化向中高科技的转化。实证发现,出口的盈余对经济体的经济增长在统计学上有显著正面影响。工业和农业部门的附加值和转型也对国家的经济增长有显著的正面影响。相较于出口部门的表现,中国成功地获得比较大的出口盈余以及更广泛的产品出口市场,产品从中等到高科技转型的技术成熟也日臻成熟。然而,孟加拉国的出口主要是低技术的产品,并且没有类似转化出口产品的尖端技术出现。 本文推介中国出口部门的发展经验,评估相关的经济改、教育政策、协调信息、创新服务和鼓励外商对高科技产品的直接投资,及还追赶日本、韩国等国的战略和经验。在此基础上建议孟加拉国鼓励出口部门在低技术和劳动密集型产品上的多元化,发展基础设施,建立和改革相关制度,发展相关专业研究,汲取中国出口部门的发展的策略和经验,赶上中国的步伐。
[Abstract]:This paper evaluates the impact of China's and Bangladesh's export-oriented economic policies on export sector growth. It is widely believed that open policy will bring potential benefits and economic cost risks to the economy. Export sector prosperity and appropriate policies can help economic growth and reduce the costs of risk factors. Hecksher-Ohlin 's trade factor endowment theory in the twentieth century explained that developing countries could benefit from the export of specialized, trade-intensive products. This is because these countries have a comparative advantage because of their relatively abundant labor resources. But the structural problems in developing countries, market failures and the impact of the "new economic system", such as the free trade model questioned by Douglas C. North, on developing countries all illustrate the important role of policy factors in promoting economic transformation. In 1978 and 1990, respectively, China and Bangladesh adopted a shift from import substitution policy to export-led policy to boost economic growth. As part of this process, the country has adopted economic system reform, tariff policy rationalization, tax preference, foreign exchange policy and intellectual property policy to encourage multilateral trade, and other policies have been revisited to encourage regional economic cooperation. China's growth miracle has largely been accompanied by strong performance in the export sector, with sharp reductions in trade policy restrictions based on an open world trade network. In line with the theory of comparative advantage, the establishment of export sector has been successfully constructed and the export product portfolio has been dispersed to a large number of markets in order to obtain a dense trade difference. Technical complications of export products gradually transform exports from low-tech to medium-and high-tech products. The performance of Bangladesh's competitive export sector in exports of labor-intensive low-tech products is also consistent with the theory of comparative advantage. As countries steadily integrate into the world's trading world, it can be found that the economic openness index has increased as market liberalization has gradually increased, and restrictions on trade have fallen sharply during the period. Export sector booms are highly concentrated in a few sectors and markets in major developed countries. The failure of the export portfolio stems from the failure to diversify export products and markets. The technical complexity of export products includes low-technology labor-intensive products, which is consistent with the labor factor endowment of comparative advantage. The technical complexity index has not found the transformation from technical complexity of export products to medium-high-tech. Empirical results show that export surplus has a significant positive impact on economic growth. Value addition and transformation in the industrial and agricultural sectors also have a significant positive impact on the country's economic growth. Relative to the performance of the export sector, China has succeeded in gaining a larger export surplus as well as a wider market for exports of products, from which the technological maturity of the high-tech transition has matured. However, Bangladesh's exports are mainly low-tech products, and there is no sophisticated technology similar to the transformation of exports. This paper introduces the development experience of China's export sector, evaluates relevant economic reforms, educational policies, coordinates information, innovates services and encourages foreign direct investment in high-tech products, as well as strategies and experiences in catching up with Japan and South Korea. On this basis, it is recommended that Bangladesh encourage diversification of the export sector in low-technology and labour-intensive products, develop infrastructure, establish and reform relevant systems, and develop relevant professional research, Learn from China's export sector development strategy and experience, catch up with China's pace.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.62;F753.54
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本文编号：2010358