数控机床工具夹紧系统基础共性技术的研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 02:20

本文选题：数控机床 + 夹紧系统　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：数控加工机床的快速发展,对工具系统性能提出了更严格的要求。数控机床工具夹紧系统作为机床主轴与刀柄的重要联接环节,影响着联接的可靠性,进而影响加工质量、加工效率和刀具寿命。研究数控机床工具夹紧系统基础共性技术,分析夹紧力的产生、放大、传递以及夹紧系统对工具系统性能的影响因素及其变化规律,有助于开发出具有自主知识产权的高性能数控机床刀具夹紧系统,确保高速加工的安全性。在理论分析的基础上,使用有限元数值模拟方法结合实验验证,对数控机床刀具夹紧系统基础共性技术系统的研究。分析了夹紧机构的基本特性以及对工具系统使用性能的影响,提出了刀柄端面夹紧力测量方法。本论文的主要工作和研究成果为:(1)分析了典型的刀柄夹紧系统结构特点,研究了夹紧机构力的产生和传递方式,分析了夹紧力的放大方式并确定了其放大倍数,研究表明外涨式夹紧机构更适用于高速切削。(2)基于接触分析方法,建立了不同工具系统的接触分析模型,分析了夹紧力对BT刀柄、HSK刀柄接触间隙、接触应力的影响。得到了夹紧力对刀柄端面接触应力、锥面接触间隙、接触面的最大接触应力及非接触区域的影响规律,夹紧力应控制在合理的范围内。(3)研究了夹紧系统结构和夹紧力大小对工具系统使用性能的影响,具有端面定位的工具系统定位精度和联接刚度较为优异。得出了夹紧力对工具系统联接刚度及极限载荷影响规律。必须选择合适的夹紧系统及合理的夹紧力,保证工具系统优异的联接性能。(4)针对HSK刀柄夹紧力放大倍数,确定了力的控制方法,指出最大影响因素是夹紧机构斜楔表面的摩擦系数,得出了楔角最佳取值范围。(5)开发出一种HSK刀柄端面夹紧力测量机构。通过分析国外夹紧力测量装置的工作原理,对接触面压力测量方法也进行了相应的研究,进而提出了一种HSK刀柄端面夹紧力测量机构,解决了刀柄端面夹紧力测量的难题,为高速加工的安全性提供了技术支撑。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of NC machine tools, more stringent requirements are put forward for the performance of tool systems. The tool clamping system of NC machine tool is an important link between the spindle and the handle of the machine tool, which affects the reliability of the connection, and then affects the machining quality, machining efficiency and tool life. The basic common technology of tool clamping system of NC machine tool is studied, and the factors affecting the performance of tool system are analyzed, such as the generation, amplification, transfer of clamping force, and the change law of clamping system. It is helpful to develop a high performance NC machine tool clamping system with independent intellectual property rights and ensure the safety of high speed machining. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the basic common technology system of NC machine tool clamping system is studied by using finite element numerical simulation method combined with experimental verification. The basic characteristics of the clamping mechanism and its influence on the performance of the tool system are analyzed, and the method of measuring the clamping force on the end face of the tool holder is put forward. The main work and research result of this paper is: (1) analyzing the structural characteristics of typical clamping system with knife handle, studying the generation and transmission of clamping mechanism force, analyzing the amplification mode of clamping force and determining its magnification. Based on the contact analysis method, the contact analysis models of different tool systems are established, and the influence of clamping force on the contact clearance and contact stress of the HSK cutter handle is analyzed. The influence of clamping force on the contact stress, cone contact clearance, maximum contact stress and non-contact area of the cutter shank is obtained. The influence of the structure of the clamping system and the size of the clamping force on the performance of the tool system is studied. The positioning accuracy and the connection stiffness of the tool system with end positioning are excellent. The influence of clamping force on coupling stiffness and ultimate load of tool system is obtained. A suitable clamping system and a reasonable clamping force must be selected to ensure the excellent coupling performance of the tool system. (4) according to the magnification of the clamping force of the HSK tool handle, the control method of the force is determined. It is pointed out that the biggest influence factor is the friction coefficient on the wedge surface of the clamping mechanism, and the optimum range of wedge angle is obtained. 5) A kind of measuring mechanism for the clamping force on the end face of the HSK cutter shank is developed. Based on the analysis of the working principle of foreign clamping force measuring devices and the corresponding research on the pressure measurement method of contact surface, a kind of measuring mechanism of clamping force on the end face of HSK cutter handle is put forward, which solves the difficult problem of measuring clamping force on the end face of cutter handle. It provides technical support for the safety of high-speed machining.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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