淡黄色金针菇工厂化生产菌种的选育

发布时间：2018-06-25 15:57

本文选题：金针菇 + 原生质体单核化　；参考：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,金针菇作为一种健康,有机的食品走进了广大人民群众的视线中。伴随着人民群众对金针菇需求量的逐年提高,金针菇周年化生产工厂也如雨后春笋般出现,发展极为迅速。菌种,是食用菌生产的最重要的环节,但菌种问题始终没有得到有效解决,目前工厂化生产的金针菇品种绝大多数来自民间引进国外菌种,没有自主的知识产权,在出口中面临“知识产权壁垒”。因此,开发出具有知识产权的金针菇品种迫在眉睫。子实体颜色是金针菇最重要的表型之一,目前金针菇主要有黄色和白色两种。野生金针菇为黄色,白色为其突变体。黄色金针菇菌种具有生长速度快,抗逆性强,温度适应范围广,菇味浓等特点。白色菌株具有出菇齐,口感脆嫩,性状稳定等特点。本研究一来自华东地区主流工厂化生产用的14株白色金针菇菌种和民间传统方法栽培用的4株黄色金针菇菌种为材料,通过杂交育种的方式,选育出优秀的适合工厂化生产的浅黄色金针菇。本研究对18个亲本金针菇进行了出菇实验、拮抗实验、菌丝活力检测实验、分子标记实验等,通过以上的实验结果,挑选亲缘关系较远的菌株进行杂交。首先对挑选出来的菌株进行原生质体单核化实验,共制备原生质体29次,挑取单菌落1220个,筛选出单核体菌株47菌。随后利用这47株单核体进行了单单和单双杂交,共进行单单杂交1084对组合,获得单单杂交菌株84株。进行单双杂交104对组合,筛选出来杂交菌株19菌。经过单单和单双杂交,共获得杂交菌株共103株。随后对杂交株菌株进行了平板实验,拮抗实验,菌丝活力检测实验。根据以上实验结果,筛选出了70株杂交菌株进行袋栽和试管栽培实验,最终成功获得子实体的杂交菌株有53株。通过对获得子实体的菌株的农艺性状进行统计分析,发现杂交菌株3750-1,3750-2和3750-3在色泽,产量,性状上具有较明显的优势,是优良的浅黄色金针菇菌株。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Flammulina velutipes as a healthy, organic food into the eyes of the masses. With the increasing demand of the people for Flammulina velutipes, the annual Flammulina velutipes production plants are springing up and developing rapidly. Strain is the most important link in edible fungus production, but the problem of mushroom species has never been effectively solved. At present, most of the varieties of Flammulina velutipes produced by factory production come from the introduction of foreign strains from the private sector and have no independent intellectual property rights. Faced with "intellectual property barriers" in exports. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the varieties of Flammulina velutipes with intellectual property. The color of fruiting body is one of the most important phenotypes of Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes). Wild Flammulina velutipes is yellow and white is its mutants. Flammulina velutipes has the characteristics of fast growth, strong resistance to stress, wide temperature adaptation range, strong mushroom flavor and so on. White strain has the characteristics of mushroom, crisp taste, stable character and so on. In this study, 14 strains of white Flammulina velutipes and 4 strains of yellow Flammulina velutipes cultivated by traditional folk methods were used as materials through hybrid breeding. An excellent light yellow Flammulina velutipes suitable for factory production was selected. In this study, 18 parents of Flammulina velutipes were tested for mushroom emergence, antagonism, hyphal activity detection, molecular labeling, and so on. Based on the above results, the strains with distant genetic relationship were selected for hybridization. First, the protoplast mononuclear test was carried out on the selected strains. A total of 29 protoplasts were prepared, 1220 single colonies were picked out, and 47 strains were screened out. Then the 47 mononuclear strains were used for single and double hybridization, and only 1084 pairs of combinations were used to obtain 84 strains of single hybrid strains. 104 pairs of combinations of single and double hybridization were used to screen 19 strains of hybrid strains. A total of 103 strains were obtained by single and double hybridization. Then, the plate test, antagonistic experiment and hyphal activity test were carried out on the hybrid strain. According to the above experimental results, 70 hybrid strains were selected for bag culture and in vitro cultivation experiments, and 53 hybrid strains were successfully obtained. Based on the statistical analysis of agronomic characters of the strains obtained from fruiting bodies, it was found that the hybrid strains 3750-1, 3750-2 and 3750-3 had obvious advantages in color, yield and characters, and they were excellent strains of Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes).
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S646.15

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