基于非线性X参数的射频有源器件行为模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:57

  本文选题：非线性矢量网络分析仪 + 宽带谐波相位参考　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：在过去的几十年里,半导体新材料、新工艺的飞速发展与进步,使射频微波器件的工作特性产生了质的飞跃。以典型二端口有源器件为例,为追求高附加效率、高输出功率以及线性度等技术指标以满足绿色可持续发展,射频工程师越来越倾向于将功率放大器设计工作在非线性区域内。此时在大功率信号的激励下,功放器件将表现出一系列典型的非线性失真特性,例如谐波失真、互调失真、功率压缩以及记忆效应等。在这种应用背景下,经典线性系统理论(例如小信号S参数)将不再适用于该类器件精确的行为建模与输出预测。而非线性X参数作为下一代工业级别标准化非线性行为模型方法,适用于复杂频谱分布下有源器件性能响应的精确表征,因此逐渐成为当前微波工程的研究热点领域。同时,该行为模型的参数提取测量平台-------非线性矢量网络分析仪(Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer,NVNA),由于具备了任意交叉频谱绝对幅度与相位谱的测量功能,故也被公认为是未来新一代的射频微波网络分析平台。谐波相位参考作为非线性矢量网络分析仪中的重要参考测量通道,是保证交叉频谱绝对相位值测量能力和精确度的关键。然而考虑到目前商用相位参考遭遇的困境,本论文提出了具有设计方便、更低本底噪声和加工成本的相位参考实现方案,解决了其工作带宽过窄和需外部协同控制的缺点。另外,论文还重点完成了X参数向更高维度、高复杂度及高精度条件下行为模型理论的拓展等一系列创新性研究工作,并将传统X参数从理想化工作条件推广到更一般的应用环境中。本课题的研究内容紧跟当前国际发展前沿动态,为国内研究学者开展后续相关探索提供坚实有效的理论基础和指导意义。本论文的主要研究内容和创新性研究成果如下:首先,针对当前应用需求背景提出了基于共面波导非线性传输线的超窄时域脉冲信号发生器(也称梳状波发生器)实现方案,经设计优化后制作了以梳状波发生器为核心部件的宽带谐波相位参考原型样机,解决了上一代产品工作频带过窄的缺点;同时,为了解决宽带谐波相位参考的量值溯源问题,创新性的提出了基于光电采样系统和宽带等效采样示波器的完整相位定标技术,定标结果满足技术指标要求。为组建新一代具有自主知识产权的NVNA平台做出了理论和工程贡献,实现了非线性X参数行为模型的完整测量功能。其次,受限于模型建立过程中的严苛假设,传统X参数愈发难以精确表征有源功放器件的真实响应,因此本文提出了具有更普适和一般化的负载相关X参数行为模型理论,将微小阻抗失配的工作条件拓展到全阻抗失配情况。在此基础上,参考二端口微波网络下小信号S参数理论的应用,推导了基于负载相关X参数的微波网络输入反射系数解析表达式。该成果打破了大功率有源功放器件相关领域的研究空白,为后续的诸如资用功率增益、三阶截距点和相邻信道功率比等非线性参数的解析性求解提供理论依据。最后,为了表征有源功放器件普遍存在的谐波长期记忆效应的影响,建立和推导出了包络域内谐波动态X参数行为模型,并提出了基于超窄二值脉冲包络信号的行为模型有效性检验方案。在校验过程中,测量了射频ZFL_11AD+功放包含基波和任意阶次谐波的瞬时输出包络域信号,成功提取出了该器件的基波和谐波动态记忆核函数。所提取的基波记忆核与传统基于双音激励信号的矢量方案完全吻合,而谐波记忆核函数的方法尚属国内外首创,丰富和补充了非线性记忆效应的相关研究成果。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, the rapid development and progress of new semiconductor materials and new technologies have made a qualitative leap in the performance of RF microwave devices. Taking typical two port active devices as an example, for the pursuit of high additional efficiency, high output power and linearity and other technical indicators to meet the sustainable green development, RF engineers are becoming more and more important. When the power amplifier is excited by the power amplifier, the power amplifier devices will show a series of typical nonlinear distortion characteristics, such as harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, power compression and memory effect. In this application, the classical linear system theory (such as small signal S reference) The number) will no longer apply to the precise behavior modeling and output prediction of this type of device, and the nonlinear X parameter, as the next generation of industrial level standardized nonlinear behavior model, is suitable for the accurate characterization of the performance response of active devices under complex spectrum distribution. Therefore, it has gradually become a hot research field in the current microwave engineering. The parameter extraction and measurement platform of the model, Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer (NVNA), is also recognized as a new generation of radio frequency microwave network analysis platform in the future because of the measurement function of the absolute amplitude and phase spectrum of arbitrary cross spectrum. The important reference measurement channel in the analyzer is the key to ensure the measurement of the absolute phase value and accuracy of the cross spectrum. However, considering the dilemma of the current commercial phase reference, this paper proposes a phase reference scheme with convenient design, lower background noise and processing cost, which solves the narrow bandwidth and need of its working bandwidth. In addition, the thesis also focuses on a series of innovative research work on the development of X parameters to higher dimension, high complexity and high precision, and extends the traditional X parameters from idealized working conditions to more general application environment. The research content of this topic is closely followed by the current international research. The development of Frontier dynamics provides a solid and effective theoretical basis and guidance for domestic researchers to carry out follow-up exploration. The main research content and innovative research results of this paper are as follows: firstly, the ultra narrow time domain pulse generator based on the nonlinear transmission line of coplanar waveguide is proposed. The realization scheme of the comb wave generator is designed and optimized. After the design and optimization, a broadband harmonic phase reference prototype with comb wave generator as the core component is made to solve the shortcoming of the narrow bandwidth of the previous generation of the product. At the same time, in order to solve the source tracing problem of the wide-band harmonic phase reference, the innovative method based on the photoelectric sampling system is put forward. With the complete phase calibration technology of the broadband equivalent sampling oscilloscope, the calibration result meets the requirement of the technical index. It makes the theoretical and engineering contribution for the establishment of a new generation of NVNA platform with independent intellectual property rights, and realizes the complete measurement function of the nonlinear X parameter behavior model. Secondly, it is limited to the harsh hypothesis in the model establishment process. X parameters are more difficult to accurately characterize the real response of active power amplifier devices. Therefore, this paper presents a more universal and general load related X parameter behavior model theory, extending the working conditions of small impedance mismatch to the full impedance mismatch. On this basis, the application of the small signal S parameter theory under the two end port microwave network is used. The analytical expression of the input reflection coefficient based on the load dependent X parameters is derived. The results break the blank of the research in the fields related to the high-power active power amplifier, and provide the theoretical basis for the analytical solution of the following nonlinear parameters, such as the power gain, the three order intercept point and the power ratio of the adjacent channels. The harmonic dynamic X parameter behavior model in the envelope domain is established and deduced, and the effectiveness test scheme of the behavior model based on the ultra narrow two value pulse envelope signal is proposed. In the verification process, the measurement of the radio frequency ZFL_11AD+ power amplifier includes the fundamental and arbitrary order. The instantaneous output envelope signal of the subharmonic is successfully extracted the dynamic memory kernel function of the fundamental harmonic wave of the device. The extracted fundamental wave memory kernel is in good agreement with the traditional vector scheme based on the double sound excitation signal, and the harmonic memory kernel function is the first one at home and abroad, enriching and supplemented the correlation of the nonlinear memory effect. Research findings.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TN722.75;TM935
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本文编号：2079505