基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 02:32

本文选题：校企知识转移 + 企业开放式创新　；参考：《江西财经大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：校企知识转移是高新技术企业获取外部知识的重要渠道，属于一类重要的企业开放式创新模式，也是促进我国产业结构升级的重要手段。但我国企业在走校企知识转移的开放式创新道路时，存在很多问题，如高校知识的转化效率低下，不稳定的校企合作关系，知识转移的机制不够完善，创新链不够顺畅等。这些问题的存在引发了学术界对于校企合作创新的持续讨论和深入研究。但通过梳理现有文献发现，多数研究关注的是企业开放式创新行为对创新绩效的影响，或者是校企知识转移过程本身的效率与影响因素问题。然而校企知识转移有着丰富的渠道资源，企业对这些开放式创新资源的利用水平会对创新绩效产生重要影响，同时这种资源利用水平也会受到校企知识转移过程的各种因素的影响。因此，通过研究校企知识转移的企业开放式创新特性与影响因素，及其长期的演化规律，将有助于对这一企业开放式创新模式的深入理解，并为管理者提供更具针对性的政策建议。基于这一背景，站在高新技术企业角度，从以下几个方面展开对上述问题的研究：（1）首先，构建校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为影响因素模型。以校企知识转移的信息传播模型为基础，分析校企知识转移过程中知识转移动机、企业知识吸收能力、高校知识释放能力以及知识产权关系的特性。并且从创新开放广度、深度方面，提出这些特性要素对校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为影响的研究假设与理论模型。（2）其次，对校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为影响因素模型进行实证检验。以问卷调查的实证研究方法，先确定需要进行测度的构念及其测量维度，包括：基于校企知识转移的企业创新开放广度、深度，企业知识吸收能力，高校知识释放能力，校企知识产权关系冲突性。据此设计这些构念的测度量表，以及调查问卷。然后通过发放与回收问卷，获得调查数据。利用探索性因子与验证性因子分析法，对量表质量进行检验，以确定最终量表结构。接着采用结构方程模型（SEM）以及AMOS软件，进行数据分析处理，对校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为影响因素模型进行假设检验，获得实证研究的结论。（3）再次，利用系统动力学仿真方法揭示基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为的长期演化规律。根据校企知识转移的动态阶段等过程模型，以及获得实证研究支持的影响因素变量，构建起校企知识转移的企业开放式创新系统的因果关系模型。利用流率基本入树模型，构建具有定量分析效果的系统流图模型，以及系统变量方程。通过Vensim软件仿真出基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为演化过程。并且对知识吸收能力、释放能力、知识产权冲突应对系数、知识效益系数、知识差异、知识契合度、知识复杂性等系统参数进行灵敏度分析，获得影响系统演化过程的关键因素，并据此进行政策方案的设计。通过以上的理论分析、实证检验以及系统仿真研究，获得了如下的主要结论：（1）只有生存动机对于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为具有显著影响。企业虽然期望通过与高校创新合作，开展知识转移活动，并且愿意维系长期的信任合作关系，以此提高自身竞争优势。但是我国校企合作创新还处于初始成长阶段，企业面临到更多的是资金、劳动力资源、缩短研发周期等较低层次的生存动机的需要，因而其动机行为表现是现实而理性的。同时，从长期来看，生存动机不会无限增长，而是逐渐趋于稳定状态，企业会寻求更高层次的动机需要。（2）潜在吸收能力中的知识消化能力会影响到校企知识转移过程中企业创新开放广度。而实际吸收能力中的知识利用能力会对校企知识转移过程中企业创新开放深度产生显著影响。同时企业吸收能力对于创新开放程度的影响处于一种平衡状态，，其中知识利用能力对创新绩效会产生重要影响。并且企业实际知识吸收能力还会显著增加校企之间知识产权关系的冲突性。（3）目前高校知识释放能力对校企双方创新开放深度产生重要影响，但不是创新开放广度的决定因素。长远来看，高校知识释放能力对于校企创新开放深度演化模式的影响不大，也不会使得创新绩效发展水平显著提升，但保持现有水平却是必要的。（4）知识产权冲突对校企创新开放广度与深度均造成负面影响。应对知识产权冲突的措施与力度成为改善创新绩效提升空间的关键因素。（5）目前校企知识转移活动更加偏重于知识交易模式，吻合了目前校企知识转移的开放式创新动机为生存动机这一结论。同时通过加速知识转化能力的提升、加大应对知识产权冲突力度等多项政策设计，可以挖掘出更多校企知识转移渠道的潜力，从而带来创新绩效提升空间的改善。（6）存在多个影响系统演化过程的关键因素，并且成为克服因过度开放而造成创新绩效下降的政策设计依据。与国内外该领域的研究相比，本研究的创新点与理论贡献在于：（1）构建了基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为影响因素模型，并通过实证研究对该模型进行了验证，从校企知识转移层面拓展了企业开放式创新的行为理论。（2）结合ERG动机模型，层次化校企知识转移过程中企业动机因素，从而获得了关于校企知识转移动机行为理论更加细化的研究结论。（3）构建基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新系统动力学模型，通过复杂系统反馈环分析，结合仿真结果，找到决定系统演化过程的基模，揭示了校企开放式创新行为规律背后的原因。（4）通过系统动力学的灵敏度仿真分析，找到影响基于校企知识转移的企业开放式创新行为与创新绩效演化规律的关键因素。
[Abstract]:Knowledge transfer is an important channel for high - tech enterprises to acquire external knowledge , and it is an important means to promote the upgrading of industrial structure in our country .

( 1 ) Firstly , the paper constructs an open innovation behavior influence factor model of enterprise knowledge transfer . Based on the information transmission model of knowledge transfer of school enterprise , the paper analyzes the characteristics of knowledge transfer motivation , enterprise knowledge absorption ability , knowledge releasing ability and intellectual property relationship in the process of knowledge transfer , and puts forward the research hypothesis and theoretical model of the influence of these characteristics on the enterprise ' s open innovation behavior .

( 2 ) Secondly , empirical test is made on the influencing factor model of enterprise ' s open innovation behavior of enterprise knowledge transfer . Based on the empirical research method of the questionnaire , the paper first determines the structure of the measure and its measurement dimension , including : the enterprise ' s innovation opening breadth , depth , enterprise knowledge absorption ability , the knowledge releasing ability of the university and the intellectual property relation conflict .

( 3 ) Thirdly , the system dynamics simulation method is used to reveal the long - term evolution law of the open innovation behavior of enterprises based on the knowledge transfer of school enterprise . Based on the process model of knowledge transfer in school and enterprise , and the influencing factor variables supported by the empirical research , the paper constructs a system flow graph model with quantitative analysis effect and the system variable equation .

Through the above theoretical analysis , the empirical test and the system simulation research , the following main conclusions are obtained :

( 1 ) Only survival motivation has a significant impact on the open innovation behavior of enterprise knowledge transfer . Although the enterprise expects to develop knowledge transfer activities through innovation cooperation with colleges and universities , and it is willing to maintain long - term trust and cooperation , it is realistic and rational . At the same time , in the long run , the survival motivation will not grow infinitely , but gradually become steady , and the enterprise will seek higher level motivation needs .

( 2 ) The ability of knowledge digestion in the potential absorptive capacity will affect the openness of the enterprise ' s innovation in the process of knowledge transfer . The ability of knowledge utilization in the actual absorptive capacity will have a significant impact on the open depth of enterprise innovation in the process of knowledge transfer .

( 3 ) At present , the ability of knowledge release in colleges and universities has an important influence on the innovation and opening depth of both colleges and enterprises , but it is not the decisive factor of the openness and breadth of innovation . In the long run , the ability of knowledge release in colleges and universities has little influence on the open - depth evolution model of university - enterprise innovation , and the development level of innovation performance is not greatly improved , but it is necessary to maintain the existing level .

( 4 ) Intellectual property conflict has a negative impact on the openness and depth of innovation opening . Measures and efforts to deal with intellectual property conflict have become the key factors to improve the innovation performance improvement space .

( 5 ) At present , the knowledge transfer activity of the school - enterprise is more focused on the knowledge trading mode , which accords with the conclusion that the open innovation motivation of knowledge transfer at present is the survival motivation .

( 6 ) There are a number of key factors that influence the evolution of the system , and become the basis of policy design to overcome the decline of innovation performance caused by over - opening .

Compared with the research at home and abroad , the innovation points and theoretical contributions of this research are :

( 1 ) The influence factor model of enterprise open innovation behavior based on school - enterprise knowledge transfer is constructed , and the model is verified through empirical research , and the behavioral theory of enterprise open innovation is expanded from the level of knowledge transfer .

( 2 ) Based on the ERG motivation model and the enterprise motivation factors in the process of knowledge transfer , this paper obtains the conclusion that the theory of motivation behavior of knowledge transfer motivation is more refined .

( 3 ) constructing an enterprise open innovation system dynamic model based on the knowledge transfer of the school enterprise , analyzing the feedback loop through a complex system , combining the simulation results , finding the base model of the decision system evolution process , and disclosing the reason behind the open innovation behavior rule of the school enterprise .

( 4 ) Through the sensitivity simulation analysis of the system dynamics , the key factors that influence the open innovation behavior and the innovation performance evolution law of enterprises based on the knowledge transfer of the school enterprise are found .
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F276.44;F224

【参考文献】