跨国公司知识产权内部化保护机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:22

本文选题：知识产权 + 自引用率　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代以来，跨国公司研发活动布局愈发呈现出全球分散的特点，研发地点的选择也由少数几个发达国家扩散至发展中国家。近年来，跨国公司更是在知识产权保护水平较弱的发展中国家设立了重要级别的研发机构。面对发展中国家较弱的知识产权保护状况，跨国公司内部形成了独特的知识产权保护机制，以保护其在弱知识产权国家的研发成果。本文主要对跨国公司这一内部化保护机制进行推测和验证。在前人研究的基础上，我们总结分析了跨国公司知识产权的内部化保护机制，认为在弱知识产权国家有研发活动的跨国公司，可以对产品进行模块化分解，将其分割为多项互补的技术，通过全球分散的研发网络进行研发。而在弱知识产权保护国家研发的知识模块只有与企业内部其他互补性资产结合使用时才能体现出价值，因而和企业内部的联系更为密切。这些互补性资产或是受到强知识产权国家的保护，或是由于距离遥远难以获取，即使模仿者获得了跨国公司在弱知识产权国家的创新成果，也无法实现对产品的模仿，因而不会对该创新的价值占有构成威胁，大大降低了知识外溢的风险。即跨国公司通过加强在弱知识产权保护国家研发知识与企业内部的联系，来克服外部环境保护不足的不利影响，实现对知识产权的内部保护。在实证分析中，我们用专利的引用来追踪知识溢出的轨迹，专利的自引用代表了创新知识在企业内部的溢出，专利自引用率的高低反映了知识与企业的内部联系程度。自引用率越高，创新知识与企业内部的联系越密切，跨国公司对该创新的收益占有越多。根据数据的特点，我们构建了零膨胀负二项模型，分两步对知识产权的内部化保护机制进行验证，研究结果表明：（1）跨国公司在弱知识产权保护国家研发的专利，与在强知识产权保护国家研发的专利相比，自引用率更高；（2）在弱知识产权保护国家有研发活动的跨国公司，其专利的自引用率比其他企业的高。这两个结论从两个角度证明了在弱知识产权保护国家研发的专利与企业内部有着更紧密的联系，，即跨国公司通过加强在弱知识产权保护国家研发专利与企业内部的联系，来实现对知识产权的保护。此外，研究还发现，地理距离在一定程度上阻碍了创新知识在企业内部的溢出。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the distribution of R & D activities of MNCs has become more and more global, and the choice of R & D sites has spread from a few developed countries to developing countries. In recent years, MNCs have set up important R & D institutions in developing countries with weak IPR protection. In the face of weak intellectual property protection in developing countries, multinational corporations have formed a unique intellectual property protection mechanism to protect their R & D achievements in weak intellectual property countries. This paper mainly speculates and verifies the internalization protection mechanism of multinational corporations. On the basis of previous studies, we summarize and analyze the internalization protection mechanism of intellectual property rights of multinational corporations. We think that multinational corporations with R & D activities in weak intellectual property countries can decompose products by modularization. Divide it into a number of complementary technologies and research and development through a global network of decentralized research and development. The knowledge modules developed in weak intellectual property rights protection countries can reflect the value only when they are used in combination with other complementary assets within the enterprises, so they are more closely related to the internal enterprises. These complementary assets are either protected by countries with strong intellectual property rights or are difficult to access from a distance, and even if imitators obtain the innovations of transnational corporations in weak intellectual property countries, they will not be able to mimic products, Therefore, it does not pose a threat to the value possession of the innovation and greatly reduces the risk of knowledge spillover. That is to say, multinational corporations can overcome the adverse effects of inadequate external environmental protection and realize the internal protection of intellectual property rights by strengthening the relationship between R & D knowledge and enterprises in weak intellectual property protection countries. In the empirical analysis, we use patent citation to track the path of knowledge spillover. The self-citation of patent represents the spillover of innovation knowledge within the enterprise, and the level of patent self-citation rate reflects the degree of internal connection between knowledge and enterprise. The higher the self-citation rate is, the closer the relationship between innovation knowledge and enterprise is, and the more MNCs share the profits of the innovation. According to the characteristics of the data, we construct a zero-expansion negative binomial model, and verify the mechanism of IPR internalization protection in two steps. The results show that: (1) the patents developed by MNCs in weak IPR countries are protected. Compared with the research and development in strong intellectual property rights countries, the self-citing rate is higher; (2) multinational corporations with R & D activities in weak intellectual property rights protection countries have higher patent self-citing rate than other enterprises. These two conclusions prove from two angles that there is a closer relationship between R & D patents in weak intellectual property rights countries and enterprises, that is, multinational corporations strengthen the links between R & D patents and enterprises in weak intellectual property rights countries. To protect intellectual property rights. In addition, the study also found that geographical distance hinders the spillover of innovative knowledge within the enterprise to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.7;F272

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