人格权侵权中的惩罚性赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 10:55

本文选题：侵权 + 人格权　；参考：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人格权是民事主体享有的最基本的民事权利,但由于人格权开放性特点,以及互联网的介入,不断衍生出来的新型人格权多样化、复杂化,使得制度保护缺口极大,侵害频发,严重危害社会。传统的人格权保护方式已经难以高效抑制类似行为的发生,全面探究人格权深化保护势在必行。惩罚性赔偿作为私法公法化的产物,一度因其公私法性质不明,在适用中产生极大争议。但此种制度在英美法系国家早已盛行,其在私法领域极强的功能作用在美国立法中表现最盛,从人格权领域适用其开始,逐渐扩展至其他领域。近几个世纪,大陆法系国家纷纷吸收借鉴英美法系国家中的惩罚性赔偿制度,并结合本土法治探索其适用性,取得良好成效。我国在人格权研究方面也不例外,研究涉及环境保护、知识产权、著作权、网络人格权、保险法、合同法、药品安全等多领域。2015年版《中华人民共和国民法典·人格权法编专家建议稿(征求意见稿)》第一百零四条明确指出侵害他人人格权益,造成严重后果的,被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。近期通过的《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百七十九条承担民事责任的方式中首次明确了惩罚性赔偿在民法中的适用地位。这两处表述对惩罚性赔偿纳入我国人格权侵权保护具有划时代的意义,本文人格权侵权中惩罚性赔偿的研究也更加合理、科学。但惩罚性赔偿如何适用到人格权中,本文从以下几方面展开论述:第一部分:前言。简述研究背景、研究意义。第二部分:人格权和惩罚性赔偿的制度简介。研究惩罚性赔偿的定性,解决公或私、民或刑领域存在的争议,为惩罚性赔偿纳入人格权做准备:两制度的衔接,即:简述本文主题的书写理由。第三部分:必要性分析。包括第三章和第四章,分别从理论需求和现实需求两方面入手。先分析风险社会下侵权频发的现实急迫性,民法社会化理念对制度构建的驱动力,以及惩罚性赔偿的优势,再从人格权传统制度保护的漏洞研究入手分析,指出现行侵权法对人格权的不重视,传统人格权救济两大方式:补偿性赔偿、精神损害赔偿的不足之处。第四部分:制度基础。搜集整理我国现存的有关立法、草案和建议稿,为本文的主题书写提供制度依据。第五部分:借鉴国外相对成熟的制度经验,从制度定位、构成要素、赔偿标准、赔偿金分配以及与刑事惩罚的冲突五方面入手,预设我国人格权适用惩罚性赔偿的规则。目前,国内学者对于本文的论题少有研究,大多是对两种制度的分别研究和完善,而美国有相应的制度对接可供借鉴,因此本文少量采取比较法路径研究。以惩罚性赔偿发展相对成熟的美国为借鉴,结合我国立法司法现状,以及其学理依据,为我国人格权惩罚性赔偿制度的构建提出建议。同时,采用文献分析法搜集和分析大量法条和相关文献,旨在厘清惩罚性赔偿制度、人格权保护相关制度及其他理论的内涵和关系,为更好地研究惩罚性赔偿在人格权中的适用做准备。本文的创新之处在于,将分别研究较为成熟的惩罚性赔偿制度和人格权制度予以结合,通过对国内外学者在相关制度、理论和实践方面的论考察、分析,对惩罚性赔偿制度强大的功能的认识,挖掘惩罚性赔偿制度社会功能,赋予其社会意义,探究惩罚性赔偿制度在人格权中的定位、定性,从而预设出一套较合理的制度规范。惩罚性赔偿制度目前属于民刑法交叉学科点,对该制度的研究,有助于民刑研究的进一步充实。
[Abstract]:The right of personality is the most basic civil right that the civil subject enjoys. However, due to the open character of personality right and the involvement of the Internet, the diversification and complexity of the new personality right derived from the Internet has made the protection gap of the system great, the frequent infringement and the serious harm to the society. The way of protecting the personality right has been difficult to effectively restrain the similar lines. It is imperative to fully explore the protection of personality right in an all-round way. As a product of the public law of private law, punitive damages, which has been widely disputed in the application of the public and private law, has been prevalent in the common law countries, and its strong functional function in the field of private law is the most prosperous in American legislation. In recent centuries, civil law countries have absorbed the system of punitive damages in common law countries and explored its applicability in combination with the local rule of law, and achieved good results in recent centuries. In our country, the study of personality rights is no exception, and the research involves environmental protection, intellectual property rights, and works. Right, network personality rights, insurance law, contract law, drug safety and other fields of.2015 edition of the national code of the people's Republic of China (Soliciting Comments) of the civil code of the people's Republic of China (solicit draft) clearly pointed out that the infringement of other people's personality rights and interests, causing serious consequences, the empowered person has the right to request the corresponding punitive damages. < The general provisions of the civil law of People's Republic of China > the 179th articles of civil liability for the first time clearly define the applicable position of punitive damages in civil law. These two expressions have epoch-making significance to the protection of punitive damages into the protection of the right of personality in our country, and the study of punitive damages in the right of personality right invade is also more reasonable. Science. However, how to apply punitive damages to personality rights, this article is discussed in the following aspects: the first part: preface. Brief introduction of research background and research significance. The second part: a brief introduction to the system of personality rights and punitive damages. The study of the qualitative of punitive damages, the settlement of disputes in the field of public or private, civil or criminal areas, and punitive damages To prepare for the right to personality: the connection of the two system, that is, a brief description of the writing reasons for the theme of this article. The third part: the analysis of the necessity, including the third and the fourth chapters, respectively from the theoretical and practical needs of two aspects, respectively, to analyze the realistic urgency of the frequent torts in the risk society, the driving force of the concept of civil law socialization to the construction of the system, as well as the driving force of the system construction in civil law, and The advantages of punitive damages, and then from the study of the loopholes in the protection of the traditional personality system, point out that the tort law does not attach importance to the right of personality, and the two ways of traditional personal right relief: compensatory compensation, and the deficiency of spiritual damage compensation. The fourth part: system foundation. Collect and collate the relevant legislation, draft and suggestion in our country. The fifth part: drawing on the relative mature institutional experience of foreign countries, starting with the five aspects of the system orientation, the constituent elements, the compensation standard, the distribution of compensation and the conflict with the criminal punishment, it presupposes the rules for the application of punitive damages in our country's personality rights. At present, the domestic scholars have few questions about this article. Most of the research is to study and improve the two systems separately, and the United States has the corresponding system for reference. Therefore, this paper takes a few comparative method research. It takes the US as a reference for punitive compensation to develop relatively mature America, and combines the status of our legislative judicature, as well as its academic basis, for the system of punitive damages for our country's personality rights. At the same time, it adopts the method of literature analysis to collect and analyze a large number of laws and related documents, aiming at clarifying the connotations and relations of the system of punitive damages, the system of the protection of personality rights and other theories, and preparing for the better study of the application of punitive damages in the right of personality. The more mature punitive damages system and the personality right system are combined, through the study of the scholars at home and abroad in the relevant system, theory and practice, the understanding of the powerful function of the punitive damages system, the social function of punitive damages system, the social significance, and the inquisition of the punitive damages system in the personality right. A set of more reasonable institutional norms is presupposed in the position and nature of the system. The punitive damages system belongs to the interdisciplinary point of the civil criminal law. The study of the system will help to further enrich the research of the civil punishment.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】