我国转基因水稻知识产权联盟运行机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 21:01

【摘要】：以转基因技术为代表的现代生物技术已经成为21世纪经济发展的主导力量。在转基因水稻研究技术方面,我国的研究能力与国际上保持同步,在籼稻基因组程序、抗病虫转基因水稻研发及多基因共转化等领域处于世界领先地位。水稻作为主要的粮食作物,供许多人直接食用,因此转基因水稻的安全问题备受关注,政府决策者在支持转基因水稻科学技术研发和产业化应用方面也持十分谨慎的态度。但随着转基因技术的不断完善以及人类对转基因水稻的安全性的合理控制,越来越多的人会认同和接受转基因水稻,转基因水稻产业化也是历史发展的必然趋势。我国是世界上最大的水稻生产国和消费国,我们要利用我国在水稻品种研发上具有的比较优势,争取占领转基因水稻未来市场的较大份额。转基因水稻研发和生产应用的一个关键之处在于对其知识产权的保护,目前我国转基因水稻研发者大多处于比较分散的状态,资源难以有效集中,虽然在转基因水稻重大专项课题组下有所交流与合作,但并没有形成一个统一的管理服务组织,这不利于对转基因水稻知识产权的保护,也不利于转基因水稻的科技创新和市场化发展。因此,转基因水稻知识产权联盟的建立和运行就显得十分重要。联盟在转基因水稻知识产权创造、运用、管理、保护等方面将提供充分的保障,并有利于解决我国在转基因水稻科研育种和商业化生产经营过程中突显的知识产权问题。为此,本研究以转基因水稻知识产权联盟为研究对象,主要从以下方面展开论述。首先,从基本概念入手,分别阐述转基因水稻、知识产权联盟、转基因水稻知识产权联盟的内涵。同时以利益平衡理论、资源共享理论为切入点,对转基因水稻知识产权联盟运行机制的理论基础进行剖析。其次,从外部和内部两个方面分析转基因水稻知识产权联盟形成的动因。外部动因在于国际竞争日益激烈的需求和国内转基因水稻产业化发展的需要,内部动因在于资源的合理配置、创新效率的提高以及相互学习的需求。由此,明确了转基因水稻知识产权联盟建立的必要性。再次,通过对金色水稻专利联盟、中国种业知识产权联盟已有的相关知识产权联盟的实践及其运行经验的归纳和总结,为我国转基因水稻知识产权联盟建立和正常运行提供相关借鉴。并从主体、组织机构及联盟成员的权利义务等方面分析我国转基因水稻知识产权联盟具体制度。最后,就预期我国转基因水稻知识产权联盟运行的内部机制和外部法律支持进行分析。其中,内部运行机制包括转基因水稻知识产权联盟的信任机制、知识产权评估机制、利益分享机制以及协调机制；外部法律支持则从转基因水稻在科研育种阶段、知识产权申请阶段和最终商业化生产、经营阶段分别论述,促使我国转基因水稻知识产权联盟顺利运行,服务于转基因水稻创新和发展。
[Abstract]:Modern biotechnology, represented by transgenic technology, has become the leading force in the economic development of the twenty-first Century. In the field of transgenic rice research, the research ability of our country is in sync with the world. It is in the world leading position in the genome program of indica rice, research and development of transgenic rice and multi gene CO conversion in the fields of rice. As the main food crops for many people to eat directly, the safety of transgenic rice has attracted much attention. Government policymakers also take a very cautious attitude to support the scientific and Technological Development and industrialization of transgenic rice. However, with the continuous improvement of transgenic technology and the rationality of human transgenic rice, the safety of transgenic rice is reasonable. More and more people will identify and accept transgenic rice, and the industrialization of transgenic rice is also the inevitable trend of historical development. China is the largest rice producer and consumer in the world. We should make use of the comparative advantages of our country in rice variety research and development, and strive to occupy a larger share of the future market of transgenic rice. One of the key points of the R & D and production application of genetic rice lies in the protection of its intellectual property rights. At present, most of the transgenic rice developers in China are in a relatively scattered state, and the resources are difficult to be concentrated effectively. Although there are some exchanges and cooperation under the major special project group of transgenic rice, there is no unified management service. Organization, this is not conducive to the protection of intellectual property rights of transgenic rice, it is also not conducive to the scientific and technological innovation and market development of transgenic rice. Therefore, the establishment and operation of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice is very important. And it is beneficial to solve the problem of intellectual property right highlighted in the process of scientific research and breeding and commercial production and operation of transgenic rice in our country. Therefore, this study focuses on the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice, mainly from the following aspects.
First of all, starting with the basic concepts, this paper expounds the connotation of genetically modified rice, intellectual property alliance and the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice. At the same time, the theoretical basis of the operation mechanism of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice is analyzed with the theory of balance of interests and the theory of resource sharing.
Secondly, from the two aspects of the external and internal analysis of the causes of the formation of Intellectual Property Alliance of transgenic rice. The external motivation lies in the increasing demand of international competition and the needs of the development of the industrialization of transgenic rice at home. The internal motivation lies in the rational allocation of resources, the improvement of innovation efficiency and the need for mutual learning. The necessity of establishing intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice.
Thirdly, through the induction and summary of the practice and operation experience of the patent alliance of golden rice and the related intellectual property alliance of China's seed industry intellectual property alliance, it provides some reference for the establishment and normal operation of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice in China. The specific system of Intellectual Property Alliance of genetically modified rice in China is analyzed.
Finally, the internal mechanism and external legal support for the operation of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice are expected to be analyzed. The internal operating mechanism includes the trust mechanism of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice, the mechanism of intellectual property assessment, the mechanism of benefit sharing and the coordination mechanism, and the external legal support is from the transgenic rice in the family. The stage of research and breeding, the application stage of intellectual property and the final commercial production, and the operation stage are discussed respectively, which will promote the smooth operation of the intellectual property alliance of transgenic rice in China and serve the innovation and development of transgenic rice.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.4

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