基于自主标准的UHF RFID安全标签芯片数字基带设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-18 11:38

【摘要】：射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification，RFID）技术是一项利用射频信号通过空间电磁耦合实现信息无接触传输，并通过所传输的信息识别目标对象的技术。与其他识别技术相比，射频识别具有无接触识别、数据容量大、可重复使用、抗干扰能力强、安全性强、能同时识别多个物体等众多优点，广泛应用于制造、物流、医疗、交通、农业、军事、防伪安全及智能家居等诸多领域。 RFID系统是一个开放的无线系统，其安全隐私问题日益显著。RFID大量用于金融支付、防伪以及军事等高安全的应用，一旦信息泄露或被篡改，将导致巨大损失。除了安全问题，电子标签可能记录个人信息或企业信息，一旦信息被盗，个人隐私或企业隐私将受到侵犯。同时，电子标签可能被嵌入至任何物品，该物品的持有者有可能不知情地被扫描、定位和跟踪。RFID的安全隐私问题已经成为制约其发展和应用的主要原因之一。目前，UHF RFID标签芯片大都基于ISO/IEC18000-6C设计，，ISO/IEC18000-6C协议中没有保障安全性的相关规定。2011年9月6日，具有自主知识产权的标准《军用射频识别空中接口第一部分：800/900MHz》正式颁布，填补了我国在UHF RFID标准领域的空白。自主标准通过一种基于对称加密的UHF RFID空中接口安全通信方法保障标签的安全性。本文设计的安全标签芯片数字基带基于自主标准设计。通过分析比较多种算法，选取吞吐率和门数都较优的PRESENT算法。同时，使用了读写器与标签的对称加密双向认证以及读写器与标签的安全通信来保障标签安全性。本文还重点研究了芯片设计的低功耗策略，通过合理的模块划分、使用功耗管理模块、多时钟域设计、降低电源电压、流水线设计、功能块复用及门控时钟等方法对数字基带进行了低功耗优化。对设计的数字基带进行RTL级设计、功能仿真、逻辑综合、功耗分析及物理设计，基带面积为592.4μm×229.12μm，约12366门，其中安全模块的面积为592.4μm×83.42μm，占基带总面积的36.4%，基带总功耗低至5.26μW。设计的基带在TSMC0.18μm CMOS mix RF工艺下完成流片，测试结果表明，所设计的基带符合自主标准，同时具有安全功能，对跟踪、窃听、非法访问、重放攻击等安全威胁具有一定的防御能力。
[Abstract]:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a technology that uses radio frequency signal to realize the contactless transmission of information through space electromagnetic coupling and to identify the target object through the transmitted information. Compared with other identification technologies, RFID has many advantages, such as contactless identification, large data capacity, reusable, strong anti-interference ability, strong security, and the ability to identify multiple objects at the same time. RFID is widely used in manufacturing, logistics, medical treatment, etc. Transportation, agriculture, military, security and smart home. RFID system is an open wireless system. Once the information is leaked or tampered with, it will cause huge losses. In addition to security concerns, electronic tags may record personal or corporate information, and once the information is stolen, personal or corporate privacy will be violated. At the same time, the electronic tag may be embedded into any object, and the holder of the item may be scanned, located and tracked unknowingly. The security and privacy of RFID has become one of the main reasons restricting its development and application. At present, most of the UHF RFID tag chips are based on the ISO/IEC18000-6C design and there are no relevant security provisions in the ISO / IEC18000-6C protocol. On September 6, 2011, the standard "military Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Air Interface I: 800 / 900MHz >", which has independent intellectual property rights, was formally promulgated. It fills up the gap in the field of UHF RFID standards in China. The security of label is guaranteed by a security communication method of UHF RFID air interface based on symmetric encryption. The security label chip digital baseband designed in this paper is based on independent standard design. By analyzing and comparing many algorithms, the PRESENT algorithm which has better throughput and gate number is selected. At the same time, the security of the label is ensured by using the symmetric encryption bidirectional authentication between the reader and the tag and the secure communication between the reader and the tag. This paper also focuses on the low-power strategy of chip design, through reasonable module partition, use of power management module, multi-clock domain design, reduce the power supply voltage, pipeline design, The low power consumption of digital baseband is optimized by using function block multiplexing and gating clock. The designed digital baseband is designed at RTL level, function simulation, logic synthesis, power analysis and physical design. The baseband area is 592.4 渭 m 脳 229.12 渭 m, about 12366 gates. The area of the security module is 592.4 渭 m 脳 83.42 渭 m, accounting for 36.4 渭 m of the total baseband area, and the total power consumption of the baseband is as low as 5.26 渭 W. The designed baseband is completed in the TSMC0.18 渭 m CMOS mix RF process. The test results show that the designed baseband conforms to the independent standard, and has security function, tracking, eavesdropping, illegal access, etc. Security threats such as replay attacks have a certain defense capability.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN402;TP391.44

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