蛋白肽对土壤微生态和植物生长的调控效应研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 20:24

【摘要】：尿素、复合肥、有机肥是农业生产中常规肥料,此3种肥料各有其特点。尿素为速效肥,对植物生长影响极快,通常5-7天植物可转绿,但尿素易挥发,易流失导致面源污染,同时易导致土壤板结；复合肥也具有尿素的特点,因其中含有尿素；有机肥是最好的肥料,但其特点是肥效特别慢(20天以上)。本研究以具有自主知识产权的生产方法生产出一种新型纯有机肥——蛋白肽,用盆栽实验的方法,以湘油杂16油菜为实验植物,尿素、复合肥和有机肥(干鸡粪)为对照肥料,研究蛋白肽对土壤的微生态效应和对植物的生长调控效应。结果表明,施氮量为0.1g/3kg土(植物生长氮需求基本量)的实验组合中,蛋白肽(14.3mL,含蛋白肽23%)较相同施氮量的尿素(0.2g)、复合肥(0.6g)、有机肥(6.1g)对土壤微生物种群结构(细菌、放线菌、真菌数量总和)数量影响明显。蛋白肽组的微生物种群结构数量在施肥后35天达到最高,为6.5×1010个/g,比同期最低的有机肥组高4.7×1010个/g,而同期含氮量为0.2g/3kg土的实验组合中,蛋白肽组的微生物种群数量为1.8×1010个/g,尿素为2.8×1010个/g,复合肥为2.4×1010个/g,有机肥为1.5×1010个/g,含氮量为0.4g/3kg土的实验组合中,蛋白肽组的微生物种群数量为2.5×1010个/g,尿素为2.8×1010个/g,复合肥为2.1×1010个/g,有机肥为2.3×1010个/g。相比之下,蛋白肽施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的组合比施氮量为0.2g/3kg土和施氮量为0.4g/3kg土组合的微生物种群结构数量分别高4.7×1010个/g、4.0×1010个/g. 通过研究土壤中氮含量变化,结果表明,施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的组合中,施加蛋白肽的土壤氮含量为0.1056g/kg,比同组中施加尿素、复合肥的土壤氮含量低,比施加有机肥的土壤氮含量稍高,说明施加蛋白肽和有机肥的土壤氮残留量少,转化率高。通过研究蛋白肽对植物的生长效应,结果表明,蛋白肽施加后5-7天植物可变绿(乌绿色、尿素为深绿色),其肥效速度与尿素相当,是有机肥的5倍。通过测定叶绿素含量变化表明,每个系列的实验组中,施加蛋白肽的土壤中生长的油菜总叶绿素含量均高于施加尿素、复合肥和有机肥土壤中油菜的总叶绿素含量。施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的土壤中尿素组、复合肥组、有机肥组、蛋白肽组油菜总叶绿素含量分别为0.8963mg/g、1.1073mg/g、1.1294mg/g、1.3150mg/g,且蛋白肽施加的越多,植物叶绿素含量越高,最高达2.3480mg/g。同时测定植物株高表明,施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的蛋白肽的土壤中,其油菜的株高远远大于施加尿素、复合肥和有机肥土壤中油菜的株高,平均值分别高9.5cm、18.5cm、14.2cm。蛋白肽对土壤微生物种群结构数量、植物的生长速度、叶绿素含量有明显作用,对于其是否可以促进植物吸收、转化氮也进行了研究。结果表明,施加蛋白肽对植物根、茎、荚的全氮含量有明显的促进作用。施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的蛋白肽组中油菜根、茎、荚的含氮量分别是5.5020mg/g、2.9397mg/g、2.9742mg/g,并且施加量越多,植物全氮含量越高,且促进效果优于尿素(根、茎、荚的氮含量分别是4.1131mg、1.6377mg/g、1.5128mg/g).复合肥(根、茎、荚的氮含量分别是4.0864mg/g、3.7314mg/g、2.5471mg/g)和有机肥(根、茎、荚的氮含量分别是3.2963mg/g、1.4436mg/g、2.1719mg/g)。蛋白肽对植物植物全磷和全钾含量的促进作用并不大,与尿素、复合肥、有机肥相似。本研究还表明,施加蛋白肽土壤油菜种子的发芽率较高(40%左右)以及在施氮量为0.1g/3kg土的油菜种子出油率很高,达到45.02%(稍低于有机肥组的45.03%,但有机肥组产量很少,经济效益较差),比其他组合高。
[Abstract]:Urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are the conventional fertilizers in agricultural production. The three kinds of fertilizers have their own characteristics. Urea is a quick-acting fertilizer, which has a very rapid impact on plant growth. Usually plants can turn green in 5-7 days. But urea is volatile, easy to lose and lead to non-point source pollution, and easy to cause soil consolidation. Compound fertilizer also has the characteristics of urea, because it contains urea. Machine fertilizer is the best fertilizer, but its characteristic is slow fertilizer effect (more than 20 days).
In this study, a new type of pure organic fertilizer, protein peptide, was produced by the production method with independent intellectual property rights. The effects of protein peptide on soil microecology and plant growth were studied by pot experiment with rapeseed Xiangyouza 16 as experimental plant, urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer (dry chicken manure) as control fertilizer.
The results showed that protein peptides (14.3mL, 23% protein peptides) were significantly more effective than urea (0.2g), compound fertilizer (0.6g) and organic fertilizer (6.1g) on the soil microbial population structure (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) in the experimental combination of 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application. The highest number of microbial population was 6.5 x 1010/g at 35 days after fertilization, which was 4.7 x 1010/g higher than that of the lowest organic fertilizer group at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 1.8 x 1010/g, urea was 2.8 x 1010/g, compound fertilizer was 2.4 x 1010/g, organic fertilizer was 1.5 x 1010/g, and nitrogen content was 0.2 g/3 kg at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 2.5 *1010/g, urea 2.8 *1010/g, compound fertilizer 2.1 *1010/g and organic fertilizer 2.3 *1010/g in the 0.4g/3kg soil, compared with the combination of protein peptide group and 0.2g/3kg soil with 0.4g/3kg nitrogen application rate. The number of group structure is 4.7 x 1010 /g, 4 x 1010 /g. respectively.
The results showed that the nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was 0.1056 g/kg, which was lower than that with urea in the same group. The nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was slightly higher than that of the soil with organic fertilizer, indicating that the soil with protein peptide and organic fertilizer had less nitrogen residue and transformation rate. High.
The effect of protein peptides on plant growth was studied. The results showed that the plant became green (dark green, urea dark green) 5-7 days after the application of protein peptides. The fertilizer efficiency was 5 times as fast as that of urea and 5 times as fast as that of organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was higher than that of urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was 0.8963mg/g, 1.1073mg/g, 1.1294mg/g and 1.3150mg/g in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and protein peptide, respectively. The plant height of rapeseed in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application was much higher than that in the soil with urea application. The average plant height of rapeseed in the soil with compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer was 9.5cm, 18.5cm and 14.2cm respectively.
Protein peptides have obvious effects on the structure and quantity of soil microbial population, the growth rate of plants, chlorophyll content, and whether they can promote plant uptake and nitrogen transformation. The results show that protein peptides can significantly promote the total nitrogen content of plant roots, stems and pods. The nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 5.5020mg/g, 2.9397mg/g, 2.9742mg/g, respectively, and the higher the applied amount, the higher the total nitrogen content of plants, and the promoting effect was better than that of urea (the nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 4.1131mg, 1.6377mg/g, 1.5128mg/g, respectively). The nitrogen contents of compound fertilizers (roots, stems and pods were 4.0864mg/g, 3.7314mg/g, 2.5471mg/g) and organic fertilizers (roots, stems and pods, respectively). The nitrogen contents of stem and pod were 3.2963mg/g, 1.4436mg/g and 2.1719mg/g respectively. Protein peptides had little effect on the total phosphorus and potassium contents of plants, similar to urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
The results also showed that the seed germination rate of rapeseed in the soil with protein peptide application was higher (about 40%) and that in the soil with nitrogen application of 0.1g/3kg, the seed oil yield was 45.02% (slightly lower than that in the organic fertilizer group (45.03%). However, the yield of the organic fertilizer group was very low and the economic benefit was poor), which was higher than that of other combinations.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S154.4

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