关于灰色市场利益相关者的研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 09:11

【摘要】：全球贸易日益频繁的今天，，灰色市场引发的问题逐渐凸显。而高速发展的信息技术又为灰色市场插上了隐形的翅膀，使其高速扩张、无孔不入。目前，对灰色市场的研究多聚焦于对品牌商的影响，以及从品牌商或政府一方的利益立场来谈论对策或政策，而忽略了对灰色市场运作主体如代理商、经销商、消费者和非品牌拥有的生产商的研究。灰色市场介于白色市场和黑色市场的中间地带。在特定环境和时段内，灰色市场的活跃有一定意义，如:丰富便利了消费者的购买选择；向品牌商提供信号，警示其不完善的市场布局与营销运作；有利于发展中国家的技术引进，加快全球技术趋同步伐；提供就业机会，促进经济繁荣；增加市场竞争，一定程度上削弱个别企业一家独大、市场垄断地位。但是，长期而言，灰色市场对知识产权的冲击，会减低品牌商研发的积极性，延缓科技进步，而且灰色市场还是黑色市场滋生的温床，因此灰色市场的蔓延不利于市场的健康运行。近三十年，法律学界、经济学界和政界研究人员密切关注灰色市场引发的系列问题，相关研究成果经常发表。各国也根据具体的国情不断地调整应对灰色市场现象的措施，有美国等发达国家所采取绝对限制的做法，也有欧盟主张在会员国内遵循权利用尽原则而完全支持灰色市场活动。一些学者认为政府对灰色市场活动最好的态度就是不置可否，任其各利益相关者互相制衡。然而，这种做法的冒险之处在于，最终的均衡结果很可能向灰色渠道商和不法黑色市场商的利益严重倾斜，从而造成市场混乱，威胁社会和谐稳定。因此，如何激励政府与品牌商共同协作来规范市场交易、保障消费者权益，是一个亟待解决的重要问题。鉴于上述情况，本文以灰色市场参与者之间的利益博弈为出发点全面地寻找利益相关者参与灰色市场的内在需求和外在动力，从博弈过程与博弈均衡的角度分析灰色市场的成因、灰化程度以及向黑色市场的转化。本文把落脚点放在透析市场主体之间的影响作用；同时，提示品牌商和政府在解决灰色市场问题上，可以通过改变自身行动的时间或者内容来影响整个灰色市场的利益格局，从而得到有利于自身利益与社会发展的均衡路径和均衡结果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing frequency of global trade, the problems caused by the grey market are becoming more and more prominent. The rapid development of information technology for the gray market inserted the invisible wings, so that its rapid expansion, everywhere. At present, the research on grey market mostly focuses on the influence on the brand, and discusses the countermeasures or policies from the perspective of the brand or the government, while neglecting the grey market operators such as agents, dealers, etc. Research on consumers and non-brand-owned producers. The grey market is between the white market and the black market. In the specific environment and period of time, the active grey market has certain significance, such as: rich and convenient for consumers to choose, to provide signals to brand merchants, warning their imperfect market layout and marketing operation; It is advantageous for developing countries to introduce technology, speed up the pace of global technology convergence, provide employment opportunities, promote economic prosperity, increase market competition, and to a certain extent weaken the monopoly position of individual enterprises. However, in the long run, the impact of the grey market on intellectual property rights will reduce the enthusiasm of brands in R & D and delay technological progress. Moreover, the grey market will also be the breeding ground for the black market. So the spread of the grey market is not conducive to the healthy operation of the market. In the last three decades, researchers in the legal, economic and political circles have paid close attention to a series of problems caused by the grey market. According to the specific national conditions, countries constantly adjust the measures to deal with the grey market phenomenon, such as the United States and other developed countries to take absolute restrictions, but also the European Union advocates to abide by the principle of exhaustion of rights in the member States and fully support the grey market activities. Some scholars argue that the government's best attitude toward grey market activity is to let its stakeholders check and balance each other. However, the risk-taking of this approach is that the final equilibrium result is likely to be heavily skewed towards the interests of gray channel and illegal black market dealers, thus causing market chaos and threatening social harmony and stability. Therefore, how to encourage the government to cooperate with brands to regulate market transactions and protect consumers' rights and interests is an important issue to be solved. In view of the above situation, this paper, based on the interest game between the participants in the grey market, looks for the internal demand and external motive force of the stakeholders to participate in the grey market. From the point of view of game process and game equilibrium, this paper analyzes the causes of grey market, the degree of grey market and the transformation to black market. At the same time, this paper points out that the brands and the government can influence the benefit pattern of the whole grey market by changing the time or content of their own actions in solving the grey market problem. In this way, the equilibrium path and the equilibrium result are obtained in favor of self-interest and social development.
【学位授予单位】：广东省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F723

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