我国基因技术的专利保护研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 19:44

【摘要】：作为一门高新的科学技术，基因技术在全球范围内受到了普遍的关注，世界各国也争相抢注基因技术专利，以获得其蕴含的巨大经济利益。与此同时，基因技术的飞速发展也给传统的知识产权保护体系带来了不小的冲击，对此，美国、日本等发达国家在基因技术的专利保护方面不断地进行完善，以保障基因技术产业的发展。而我国对基因技术的专利保护却存在许多不足之处。首先，在基因技术的专利审查中过于注重“发明”与“发现”的判定区分，一旦被认定为“科学发现”，也就无法获得专利保护；其次，动植物品种没有被纳入专利法的保护范围，因此，通过基因技术方法得到的转基因动植物品种，也就无法得到专利保护；再次，由于缺乏完善的关于基因技术专利的惠益共享机制，基因资源没有得到充分保护。本文在探讨基因技术专利保护的相关问题的基础上，比较并分析美国、欧洲、日本对于基因技术的专利保护状况，进而指出我国现有的专利制度并没有给基因技术提供全面、充分的保护。在基因技术飞速发展的今天，面对基因资源不断被掠夺、研发者的权益得不到充分保障、专利制度面临巨大挑战的现状，我国应当积极应对，，淡化“发明”与“发现”的界分，将符合条件的动植物新品种纳入专利保护的客体范围，此外，要在专利制度中建立、健全基因技术专利惠益共享机制，以更好地保护我国丰富的基因资源，完善我国的基因技术专利保护制度。
[Abstract]:As a high and new science and technology, gene technology has been paid more and more attention all over the world, and many countries all over the world are scrambling to pay attention to the patent of gene technology in order to obtain the huge economic benefits. At the same time, the rapid development of genetic technology has also brought not a small impact to the traditional intellectual property protection system. In this regard, the United States, Japan and other developed countries are constantly improving the patent protection of genetic technology. In order to ensure the development of genetic technology industry. However, there are many deficiencies in the patent protection of gene technology in China. First, too much attention is paid to the distinction between "invention" and "discovery" in the patent review of genetic technology. Once recognized as "scientific discovery", it is impossible to obtain patent protection. Plant and animal varieties are not included in the scope of protection of patent law, therefore, genetically modified animal and plant varieties obtained by genetic technology cannot be protected by patent; again, Genetic resources are not adequately protected due to the lack of a complete benefit-sharing mechanism for patents on gene technology. On the basis of discussing the related problems of the patent protection of gene technology, this paper compares and analyzes the patent protection of gene technology in the United States, Europe and Japan, and points out that the existing patent system of our country does not provide comprehensive protection for gene technology. Adequate protection. With the rapid development of gene technology, in the face of continuous exploitation of genetic resources, the rights and interests of R & D are not fully protected, and the patent system is faced with enormous challenges, China should actively deal with and play down the boundary between "invention" and "discovery". New species of plants and animals that meet the requirements should be included in the scope of the object of patent protection. In addition, it is necessary to establish and improve the mechanism for sharing the benefits of patents on genetic technology in order to better protect China's abundant genetic resources. Improve the patent protection system of genetic technology in China.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.42

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