转基因大豆研究及应用进展

发布时间：2018-10-13 16:36

【摘要】：转基因技术是一种以分子生物学技术为核心,对基因进行修饰、改造,从而定向改变生物体遗传性状的技术。基于转基因技术在大豆中的应用,从技术研发手段、外源基因挖掘、转基因大豆品种、大豆除草剂、种植面积、研发体系等方面对国内外转基因大豆研究及应用进展进行概述,以期为发展中国大豆转基因技术提供借鉴和参考。分析指出,国外转基因大豆研发能力较为成熟,大豆外源基因转化技术主要采用农杆菌介导转化法和微弹轰击法,通过cp4、dmo、Pat、cry1Ac、fatb1-A等目的基因的表达,得到抗虫、抗除草剂、高油酸以及具复合性状的大豆品种,同时转基因产权保护体系比较健全,促进转基因大豆的产业化;而中国转基因大豆研究多为基础性研究,侧重于基因检测和再生体系培育,外源基因转化技术缺乏创新性,存在转基因安全性结论未定、舆论环境尴尬、研发体系不完善、审批过程复杂、具有完全自主知识产权的基因开发数量少,高油、抗生素抗性等功能性基因挖掘不足等问题,制约中国转基因大豆产业化进程。今后应改革高校和科研机构考核制度、强化产学研模式、完善转基因产权保护机制、加强转基因科普与监管,为转基因技术及其产业化营造更加健康的发展环境。
[Abstract]:Transgenic technology is a kind of technology which takes molecular biology technology as the core, modifies and modifies the gene to change the genetic character of organism. Based on the application of transgenic technology in soybean, this paper summarizes the research and application of transgenic soybean at home and abroad from the aspects of technology research and development, exogenous gene mining, transgenic soybean variety, soybean herbicide, planting area, research and development system, etc. In order to provide reference and reference for the development of soybean transgenic technology in China. It was pointed out that the foreign transgenic soybean had mature R & D ability. The main techniques of soybean exogenous gene transformation were Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and microelastic bombardment. Through the expression of target genes such as cp4,dmo,Pat,cry1Ac,fatb1-A, insect-resistant and herbicide resistant were obtained. The high oleic acid and the soybean varieties with complex characters, at the same time, the protection system of the transgenic property right is relatively perfect, which promotes the industrialization of the transgenic soybean, while the research of the transgenic soybean in China is mostly the basic research, focusing on the gene detection and regeneration system cultivation. The technology of exogenous gene transformation is lack of innovation, the conclusion of safety of transgenic is undecided, the public opinion environment is awkward, the research and development system is not perfect, the examination and approval process is complex, the quantity of gene development with completely independent intellectual property rights is small and high oil. The lack of functional genes, such as antibiotic resistance, restricts the industrialization of transgenic soybeans in China. In the future, we should reform the examination system of universities and scientific research institutions, strengthen the mode of production, education and research, perfect the protection mechanism of transgenic property rights, strengthen the popularization and supervision of transgenic science, and create a more healthy development environment for transgenic technology and its industrialization.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学经济管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然基金青年基金(71303038);国家自然基金国际合作交流项目(7141101042) 黑龙江省普通本科高校青年创新人才培养计划(UNPYSCT) 东北农业大学“学术骨干”项目~~
【分类号】：S565.1

【参考文献】