基因的法律属性及权利保护机制探究

发布时间：2018-10-14 19:45

【摘要】：基因是地球一切生命的源头，决定了世间万物的生命本质。随着科学技术的不断发展，人类对基因和基因信息的研究也不断深入，作为一种能够带来巨大价值的“资源”，其已然成为生命科学及生命法学领域共同研究的重要对象，我们有必要以立法的方式来对人们的基因研究及利用活动进行合理的引导，避免产生消极效果。对人类个体基因的法律属性进行明确界定，则是该研究的关键所在，直接影响对基因权利保护机制的构建。我国目前在此方面的研究尚处于学术探讨阶段，立法上仍属空白。本文将在对现有学说进行分析比较的基础上，以基因的本质及其在现实中的运用为根本，以基因权利的核心价值为目标，论证基因的法律属性并对构建基因权利保护体系提出建议，从而为基因未来正式入法提供必要的理论参考和依据。本文主要包括引言、基因自然属性与基因技术的发展、基因法律属性界定、基因权利保护机制的构建等部分。引言部分初步介绍基因技术目前的发展概况以及由此引发的法律问题，明确解决问题的关键在于如何从本质上对个体基因法律属性作出界定，并以此为基础，探索基因权利保护新途径。第一部分“基因自然属性与基因技术的发展”，主要阐述基因与基因技术的科学定义，论证基因的现实价值在于其本身所表现出的遗传信息，，而遗传信息又必须要以基因本身为载体，对后文展开论述进行基础性铺垫。第二部分“基因法律属性界定”，以基因科学本质为视角，深入剖析现有理论学说：基因人格权、基因财产权、基因知识产权等，并进行对比研究。在单一属性无法全面界定基因法律本质的前提下，提出基因法律属性的复合学说—基因人格财产权说。第三部分“基因权利保护机制的构建”，在对基因侵权现状进行充分论述的基础上，借鉴国外现行立法例，提出对我国基因权利保护机制构建的初步探索。基因应当依照其在不同领域的客体身份而获得明确的区别对待，既不能有意模糊一概而论，更不能任其发展不予规制。在立法中要明确基因人格财产权的客体范围、权利实现途径和制约方式以及救济手段。
[Abstract]:Genes are the source of all life on earth, which determines the nature of life in the world. With the development of science and technology, the study of genes and genetic information has been deepened. As a kind of "resource" which can bring great value, it has become an important object in the field of life science and life law. It is necessary to introduce legislation to guide people's genetic research and utilization activities so as to avoid negative effects. A clear definition of the legal attributes of human individual genes is the key of this study, which directly influences the construction of the protection mechanism of gene rights. At present, the research in this field is still in the stage of academic discussion, and the legislation is still blank. On the basis of the analysis and comparison of the existing theories, this paper will take the essence of gene and its application in reality as the foundation, and take the core value of gene rights as the goal. This paper demonstrates the legal attribute of genes and puts forward some suggestions to construct the protection system of gene rights, thus providing the necessary theoretical reference and basis for the formal introduction of genes in the future. This paper mainly includes the introduction, the development of gene natural attribute and gene technology, the definition of gene legal attribute, the construction of gene right protection mechanism and so on. The introduction introduces the current development of genetic technology and the legal problems caused by it. The key to solve the problem is how to define the legal attributes of individual gene in essence and based on it. Explore a new way to protect gene rights. The first part, "Natural attribute of gene and development of gene technology", mainly expounds the scientific definition of gene and gene technology, and proves that the practical value of gene lies in its own genetic information. The genetic information must be based on the gene itself. The second part, "defining the legal attributes of genes", from the perspective of the nature of gene science, deeply analyzes the existing theories: gene personality rights, gene property rights, gene intellectual property rights and so on, and makes a comparative study. On the premise that a single attribute can not fully define the essence of gene law, the compound theory of gene legal attribute, the theory of gene personality property right, is put forward. The third part, "the Construction of Gene Rights Protection Mechanism", on the basis of fully discussing the status quo of gene infringement, and referring to the current legislation cases of foreign countries, puts forward a preliminary exploration of the construction of gene rights protection mechanism in China. Genes should be treated differently according to their object status in different fields. In legislation, it is necessary to clarify the scope of the object of the genetic personality property right, the way to realize the right, the way of restriction and the means of relief.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923

【相似文献】