灌木型金叶榆无性繁殖技术及光照强度对其叶色影响的初步研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 14:36

【摘要】：金叶榆是我国具有自主知识产权的彩叶植物品种,灌丛苗作为金叶榆的一种应用类型在园林绿化中应用广泛,市场需求很大。因此本文研究了其无性繁殖技术及光照强度对其叶色的影响,建立好的繁殖体系,以期为苗木生产提供技术保障并为金叶榆在园林应用中的环境选择提供理论参考。结果表明： (1)金叶榆嫁接繁殖中,接穗粗度对嫁接效果的影响显著。接穗粗度为0.6-0.8cm时嫁接成活率最高为94%；平均苗高、平均新稍最长长度、干枝生物量和叶生物量也高于其他两组处理。嫁接时接穗粗度宜在0.6-0.8cm之间。 (2)不同砧木不同接穗粗度对嫁接效果的影响较大。辽宁白榆做砧木,接穗粗度为0.6-0.8cm时,平均苗高达到了最高为68.1cm、平均新稍最长长度达到了最长为60.5cm,嫁接成活率达到了最高为95%,叶片数、叶片规格都高于其他组,病虫害叶片也最少,嫁接效果最好。 (3)不同嫁接时间不同接穗粗度对嫁接效果影响较大。3月27日嫁接、接穗粗度为0.6-0.8cm的平均苗高、平均苗粗、平均新稍最长长度、成活率都比5月27日高。嫁接时应尽量选择0.6-0.8cm的接穗在树木萌动时嫁接。 (4)不同接穗封存措施不同接穗粗度对嫁接效果影响较大。接穗封蜡、采用粗度为0.6-0.8cm的接穗嫁接后平均苗高、平均苗粗、平均新稍最长长度和成活率高于其他处理。金叶榆嫁接生产中宜采用接穗粗度为0.6-0.8cm、蜡封措施进行嫁接,节省材料、时间和人力,成活率和新苗生长量也较高。 (5)采用全天候温室大棚内置小拱棚嫩枝扦插金叶榆生根率仅为53%,生根株数为530株/1000株,最长根长为4.2cm,平均根数为16条。但嫩枝扦插与嫁接相比,插穗易采摘,节省人力,成本低,在生产生可广泛推广缓解市场对苗木的需求。 (6)硬枝扦插用溶液质量为100mg/L的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、萘乙酸(NAA)三种激素和对照清水组浸泡24h插穗后,插穗生根率都很低,仅在9%-11%之间,清水对照组仅为1%,效果不佳。这说明金叶榆不适宜进行硬枝扦插繁殖育苗。 (7)光照强度对金叶榆叶片中色素含量、色素比值和可溶性糖含量的影响是极显著的。随着光照强度的增加叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素均呈下降趋势：叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量比值在稳步增大,叶绿素与类胡萝卜素的比值在稳步降低,花色素苷的含量在逐渐增加,叶绿素含量与花色素苷含量比值在逐渐下降；可溶性糖含量也呈下降趋势。52001x光照处理下叶绿素与类胡萝卜素的比值相对于其他处理最小,类胡萝卜素的含量相对较多,叶色明显较其他三组处理的叶片金黄,金黄叶片的数量也比其他三组处理的多。随着处理时间的增加,叶片实际叶色表现为叶片金黄色的亮丽度在下降。为保证金叶榆在园林栽培绿化应用有时较好的彩叶观赏效果及良好的生长,应尽量栽到光照强度较大、阳光充足的环境中。
[Abstract]:Sanguisorba pumila is a kind of colorful leaf plant with independent intellectual property rights in China. As an application type of Ulmus pumila, shrub seedlings are widely used in garden and greening, and the market demand is great. In this paper, the effects of asexual reproduction technology and light intensity on leaf color were studied, and a good breeding system was established in order to provide technical guarantee for seedling production and provide theoretical reference for environment selection of Sanguisorba pumila in garden application. The results showed that: (1) in the grafting propagation of Ulmus pumila, the diameter of scion had a significant effect on the grafting effect. When the diameter of scion was 0.6-0.8cm, the survival rate of grafting was the highest, the average seedling height, the average new length, the biomass of dry branch and leaf were also higher than those of the other two treatments. The thickness of scion should be between 0.6-0.8cm during grafting. (2) different scion diameter of different rootstocks had a great influence on grafting effect. When the thickness of scion was 0.6-0.8cm, the average seedling height was 68.1 cm, the longest length was 60.5 cm, the survival rate of grafting was 95 cm, the number of leaves and leaf specifications were higher than other groups. (3) different grafting time and scion diameter had great influence on grafting effect. On March 27th grafting, the average seedling height, average seedling diameter and average new slightly longest length of grafted scion were 0.6-0.8cm. The survival rate was higher than that on May 27. When grafting, the scions of 0.6-0.8cm should be selected as far as possible. (4) different storage measures of scions have great influence on the grafting effect. The average height, diameter, length and survival rate of the grafted scions with diameter of 0.6-0.8cm were higher than those of other treatments. In the grafting production of Ulmus pumila, the thickness of scion is 0.6-0.8 cm, and the wax sealing measures can save material, time and manpower. The survival rate and the growth of new seedlings were also higher. (5) the rooting rate of cuttage of Ulmus pumila was only 53, the number of rooting trees was 530 / 1000, the longest root length was 4.2 cm, and the average number of roots was 16. However, compared with grafting, cuttings are easier to pick, save manpower and cost less. (6) the rooting rate of hard branch cuttings was very low after 24 h cuttings of indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyrate (IBA), naphthyl butyrate (NAA) and control water group after 24 h cuttings soaking in the market. (6) the rooting rate of hard branch cuttings was very low after immersing the three hormones, (IBA), naphthalene butyrate (NAA), in the solution quality of 100mg/L. Only between 9-11%, only 1 in the control group, the effect is not good. The results indicated that Ulmus pumila was not suitable for hardwood cuttage propagation. (7) the effects of light intensity on pigment content, pigment ratio and soluble sugar content were significant. With the increase of light intensity, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased: the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b increased steadily. The ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoid was decreasing steadily, the content of anthocyanin was increasing, and the ratio of chlorophyll to anthocyanin was decreasing. The ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoid in 52001x light treatment was the smallest, the carotenoid content was relatively higher, and the leaf color was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments. The number of golden leaves was also higher than that of the other three groups. With the increase of treatment time, the actual leaf color of leaves showed that the brightness of leaf golden color was decreasing. In order to ensure the application of Ulmus pumila in the garden planting and greening, sometimes better ornamental effect and good growth of colored leaves, should be planted in the environment of light intensity and abundant sunshine as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S687

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