我国植物新品种法律保护研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 20:58

【摘要】：植物新品种是指经过人工培育的或者对发现的野生植物加以开发,具备新颖性、特异性、一致性和稳定性并有适当命名的植物品种。植物新品种权指的是育种者对于植物新品种所享有的专有性权利,是知识产权的一种。目前,国际上对植物新品种的保护分为三种模式,即专门法保护、专利法保护以及两者结合保护,其发展趋向是法律保护标准逐渐提高。自我国《专利法》和《植物新品种保护条例》施行以来,在植物新品种法律保护方面取得了良好的成效,实现了其立法宗旨,但同时还存在不少问题。在专利法立法方面：未界定植物品种的概念；将植物品种排除在专利法保护客体之外；方法专利保护的客体无法延及以该专利方法直接获得的植物品种。在植物新品种保护的立法方面：现行《植物新品种保护条例》立法层次低,权威性不足；同时,对育种者权利保护不够充分,制度设计不够完善。此外,现行《专利法》和《植物新品种保护条例》等涉及植物新品种保护的相关法律、法规、政策体系之间存在矛盾,配套措施不够完善。针对这些问题与不足,我国应当结合自身国情,进一步完善植物新品种保护制度。一是修改《植物新品种保护条例》,改由人大立法,提升《条例》的法律位阶,逐步扩大植物新品种的保护范围；完善相关权利内容及制度；修正法律法规之间的冲突,完善配套措施。二是结合植物新品种保护的国际发展趋势,进一步修改和完善《专利法》对植物新品种的保护,建立转基因植物品种的专利保护,增加农民特权的限制条件,提出了在我国构建专门法与专利法双轨制保护模式的设想。三是从源头上加强对植物新品种保护,建立生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享机制。
[Abstract]:A new plant variety is a plant variety that has been cultivated artificially or developed into wild plants with novelty, specificity, consistency, stability and proper naming. Plant new variety right refers to the exclusive right of breeders for new plant varieties and is a kind of intellectual property rights. At present, the protection of new plant varieties in the world can be divided into three modes, namely, special law protection, patent law protection and combined protection. Since the implementation of the Patent Law and the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties in China, good results have been achieved in the legal protection of new plant varieties, and their legislative purposes have been realized, but at the same time there are still many problems. In the aspect of patent law legislation, the concept of plant variety is not defined; the plant variety is excluded from the object of patent law protection; the object of method patent protection cannot extend to the plant variety directly obtained by the patent method. In the aspect of legislation on the protection of new plant varieties, the current regulations on the Protection of New varieties of plants have low legislative level and insufficient authority, at the same time, the protection of breeders' rights is not enough and the system design is not perfect. In addition, the existing Patent Law and the regulations on the Protection of New Plant Variety and other related laws, regulations, policies and systems related to the protection of new plant varieties are contradictory, and the supporting measures are not perfect. In view of these problems and deficiencies, our country should further improve the protection system of new plant varieties according to our own national conditions. First, we should amend the regulations on the Protection of New Plant varieties, change legislation by the National people's Congress, upgrade the legal rank of the regulations, gradually expand the scope of protection of new plant varieties, and improve the content and system of relevant rights; Correct conflicts between laws and regulations and improve supporting measures. Second, in the light of the international development trend of the protection of new plant varieties, we should further revise and improve the protection of new plant varieties under the Patent Law, establish patent protection for transgenic plant varieties, and increase restrictions on farmers' privileges. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing the dual-track protection mode of special law and patent law in our country. Third, strengthen the protection of new plant varieties from the source, and establish the mechanism of obtaining and benefit-sharing of biological genetic resources.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.42

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