中医药传统知识获取与惠益分享制度初探

发布时间：2018-11-28 17:45

【摘要】：在《生物多样性公约》通过之前,传统知识长期被界定为一种公有知识而可以为任何人无偿加之利用,资金、技术等占据较大优势西方发达国家从传统知识资源较为丰富的发展中国家获取相关的传统知识后,进行商业性开发或者通过专利制度独享发明创造的排他性权利,对传统知识的传承与发展作出重要贡献的发展中国家不仅需要肩负起保护发达国家知识产权的义务,同时对自己世代传承的传统知识却难以分享其应得的惠益。为了解决传统知识被不当占有使用的不合理现象,发展中国家积极推行传统知识的保护,《生物多样性公约》、《波恩准则》、《名古屋议定书》等一系列公约的诞生,奠定了传统知识的国家主权、获取的事先知情同意以及惠益分享制度,印度、菲律宾、哥斯达黎加、巴西等发展中国家开始通过国内立法将这一制度纳入到本国传统知识的保护中。与其他发展中国家一样,中国的中医药传统知识也遭遇着不当占有使用的问题,如何正确认识中医药传统知识并利用好、保护好这一中华民族传统文化的瑰宝,解决好国际合作中对中医药传统知识获取及惠益分享等问题,已成为中医药事业发展过程中迫切需要解决的难题。本文将获取与惠益分享制度适用于我国中医药传统知识的保护,并从中医药传统知识的价值、中医药传统知识面临国内外不当占用使用及我国现行相关保护制度局限分析构建中医药传统知识获取与惠益分享制度的必要性,从国际公约及印度、菲律宾、哥斯达黎加、巴西等发展中国家的立法及我国政府的重视分析构建这一制度的可行性,通过明确中医药传统知识的客体包括实物类与智力成果类,中医药传统知识主体可以大致分为国家、区域集体(法人、社区、民族)和个人(家族)三大类,建议设立中医药传统知识管理委员会为中医药传统知识的主管机构,中医药传统知识的获取应遵循事先知情同意原则,惠益分享应通过立法模式加以规范等,最终对中医药传统知识获取与惠益分享制度的国内立法提出可行性的构建。
[Abstract]:Prior to the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity, traditional knowledge had long been defined as a form of public knowledge that could be used for the benefit of anyone free of charge and financed, After obtaining the relevant traditional knowledge from the developing countries with abundant traditional knowledge resources, the western developed countries take advantage of technology, and engage in commercial exploitation or exclusive rights of invention and creation through the patent system. Developing countries that make important contributions to the transmission and development of traditional knowledge not only need to shoulder the obligation to protect intellectual property rights of developed countries, but also have difficulty in sharing their due benefits to the traditional knowledge transmitted from generation to generation. In order to address the irrational use of traditional knowledge, developing countries have actively promoted the protection of traditional knowledge, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Bonn guidelines and the Nagoya Protocol, among other conventions, Established national sovereignty over traditional knowledge, access to prior informed consent and benefit-sharing systems, India, Philippines, Costa Rica, Developing countries such as Brazil have begun to incorporate this system into the protection of their traditional knowledge through domestic legislation. Like other developing countries, China's traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine is also experiencing the problem of improper possession and use. How to correctly understand and make good use of traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine and protect this treasure of Chinese traditional culture, To solve the problems of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge acquisition and benefit-sharing in international cooperation has become an urgent problem in the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the system of access and benefit-sharing is applied to the protection of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, and from the value of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, Analysis on the necessity of constructing traditional Chinese Medicine traditional knowledge acquisition and Benefit-sharing system based on international conventions and international conventions, India, the Philippines, Costa Rica, India, the Philippines, and Costa Rica. The legislation of Brazil and other developing countries and the importance attached by our government to the analysis of the feasibility of constructing this system. By making clear that the objects of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge include material objects and intellectual achievements, the subjects of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge can be roughly divided into countries. Regional collective (legal person, community, nationality) and individual (family) three categories. It is suggested that the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge management committee be established as the competent body of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, and the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge should be obtained in accordance with the principle of prior informed consent. Benefit-sharing should be regulated by legislative model, and finally, the feasibility construction of domestic legislation on traditional knowledge acquisition and benefit-sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：南京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R288

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