铁路车载继电器产品设计与优化
发布时间：2018-11-29 11:47
【摘要】：继电器作为控制系统中的开关电器,在铁路系统中的应用也十分广泛,无论是在铁路信号系统还是铁路车载系统中,继电器都是不可或缺的一部分。而目前国内铁路继电器产品都为信号继电器,车载继电器均为国外公司产品。为加速我国拥有自主知识产权铁路车载继电器的进程,本文设计出一种含永磁的新型铁路车载继电器。首先为了既能实现抗振性良好和触点回跳少等优良特性,又能使继电器结构相比之前更加简单,分析现有铁路继电器的优缺点和结构上的特点,参考现有结构继电器进行新结构铁路车载继电器的设计。设计继电器的电磁结构,理论分析电磁结构工作原理,并结合已有产品确定物理模型的尺寸大小。通过虚拟样机平台,在有限元软件中建立触簧系统有限元仿真模型,进行静态反力特性计算;建立电磁系统有限元仿真模型,进行静态吸力仿真计算,并通过改变电磁系统各零部件尺寸与位置,调整吸力特性曲线形状,使其能够与反力特性实现良好配合;进行继电器的动态特性仿真分析,获得继电器的时间参数。为了提高后面继电器参数优化的效率,建立快速计算模型来提高继电器特性的计算速度。然后,分析初步设计的触簧系统的缺陷与不足,对触簧系统进行优化,设计新型簧片结构,基于虚拟样机技术对触簧系统进行仿真分析,对触簧系统进行抗冲击和抗振动指标验证、强制引导和扫程验证,分析优化后触簧系统的性能。最后,选取影响静态特性的关键参数,将其作为多目标优化的输入参数,验证其对静态特性的影响,为后面的电磁系统优化提供依据。根据前面研究得到的静态吸反力特性匹配结果,选取电磁机构参数优化的关键目标参数;选择差分进化算法作为多目标优化方法,通过测试函数验证算法的正确性,随后在约束范围内,基于拉丁超立方抽样得到输入参数矩阵,利用Kriging模型对输入输出参数的函数关系进行拟合,并采用差分进化算法(DE)对电磁机构进行参数优化设计,对比优化前后静态吸力矩值,验证DE优化的有效性,验证继电器静态性能是否提升。
[Abstract]:Relay, as a switch in the control system, is widely used in the railway system, whether in the railway signal system or in the railway vehicle system, relay is an indispensable part. At present, the domestic railway relay products are signal relays, car-borne relays are foreign products. In order to speed up the process of railway on-board relay with independent intellectual property rights in China, a new type of railway on-board relay with permanent magnet is designed in this paper. First of all, in order to realize the excellent characteristics of good vibration resistance and less contact bounce, and to make the relay structure simpler than before, the advantages and disadvantages and structural characteristics of the existing railway relay are analyzed. Referring to the existing structural relay, the design of the new structure railway on-board relay is carried out. The electromagnetic structure of the relay is designed, the working principle of the electromagnetic structure is analyzed theoretically, and the size of the physical model is determined according to the existing products. Through the virtual prototype platform, the finite element simulation model of the contact spring system is established in the finite element software, and the static reaction characteristic is calculated. The finite element simulation model of electromagnetic system is established, and the static suction simulation calculation is carried out. By changing the size and position of each part of the electromagnetic system, the shape of the suction characteristic curve is adjusted to make it work well with the reaction characteristic. The dynamic characteristics of the relay are simulated and analyzed, and the time parameters of the relay are obtained. In order to improve the efficiency of parameter optimization of relay, a fast calculation model is established to improve the calculation speed of relay characteristics. Then, the defects and shortcomings of the initial design of the contact spring system are analyzed, the contact spring system is optimized, the new Reed structure is designed, and the contact spring system is simulated and analyzed based on the virtual prototype technology. The impact and vibration resistance index of the contact spring system is verified, and the forced guide and sweep range verification are carried out. The performance of the optimized contact spring system is analyzed. Finally, the key parameters which affect the static characteristics are selected as the input parameters of multi-objective optimization to verify their influence on the static characteristics and provide the basis for the later electromagnetic system optimization. According to the matching results of static absorbing reaction characteristics obtained in the previous study, the key target parameters of the optimization of electromagnetic mechanism parameters are selected. The differential evolution algorithm is selected as the multi-objective optimization method, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by testing the function. Then, the input parameter matrix is obtained based on Latin hypercube sampling within the constraint range. The Kriging model is used to fit the function relation of input and output parameters, and the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the parameters of electromagnetic mechanism. The static suction moment before and after optimization is compared to verify the effectiveness of DE optimization. Verify that the static performance of the relay is improved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.381
[Abstract]:Relay, as a switch in the control system, is widely used in the railway system, whether in the railway signal system or in the railway vehicle system, relay is an indispensable part. At present, the domestic railway relay products are signal relays, car-borne relays are foreign products. In order to speed up the process of railway on-board relay with independent intellectual property rights in China, a new type of railway on-board relay with permanent magnet is designed in this paper. First of all, in order to realize the excellent characteristics of good vibration resistance and less contact bounce, and to make the relay structure simpler than before, the advantages and disadvantages and structural characteristics of the existing railway relay are analyzed. Referring to the existing structural relay, the design of the new structure railway on-board relay is carried out. The electromagnetic structure of the relay is designed, the working principle of the electromagnetic structure is analyzed theoretically, and the size of the physical model is determined according to the existing products. Through the virtual prototype platform, the finite element simulation model of the contact spring system is established in the finite element software, and the static reaction characteristic is calculated. The finite element simulation model of electromagnetic system is established, and the static suction simulation calculation is carried out. By changing the size and position of each part of the electromagnetic system, the shape of the suction characteristic curve is adjusted to make it work well with the reaction characteristic. The dynamic characteristics of the relay are simulated and analyzed, and the time parameters of the relay are obtained. In order to improve the efficiency of parameter optimization of relay, a fast calculation model is established to improve the calculation speed of relay characteristics. Then, the defects and shortcomings of the initial design of the contact spring system are analyzed, the contact spring system is optimized, the new Reed structure is designed, and the contact spring system is simulated and analyzed based on the virtual prototype technology. The impact and vibration resistance index of the contact spring system is verified, and the forced guide and sweep range verification are carried out. The performance of the optimized contact spring system is analyzed. Finally, the key parameters which affect the static characteristics are selected as the input parameters of multi-objective optimization to verify their influence on the static characteristics and provide the basis for the later electromagnetic system optimization. According to the matching results of static absorbing reaction characteristics obtained in the previous study, the key target parameters of the optimization of electromagnetic mechanism parameters are selected. The differential evolution algorithm is selected as the multi-objective optimization method, and the correctness of the algorithm is verified by testing the function. Then, the input parameter matrix is obtained based on Latin hypercube sampling within the constraint range. The Kriging model is used to fit the function relation of input and output parameters, and the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is used to optimize the parameters of electromagnetic mechanism. The static suction moment before and after optimization is compared to verify the effectiveness of DE optimization. Verify that the static performance of the relay is improved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U270.381
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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