奥运会背景下的体育非专利技术及其法律保护

发布时间：2018-12-11 08:28

【摘要】：随着竞技体育的职业化和商业化发展,体育实践中涌现出大量的体育非专利技术,这些技术凝聚了创造者的智慧和经验,具有新颖性、创造性和实用性的特征,但因其不能根据《中华人民共和国专利法》(以下简称《专利法》)的规定申请专利,故其无法得到《专利法》的保护。体育非专利技术属于私法领域,故应当受到民事法律关系的相关规范的调整。民事法律关系的分析方法是最基本的分析方法,故以民事法律关系为视角剖析体育非专利技术将大有裨益。体育非专利技术的享有主体应当包括自然人、法人、国家和其他组织。体育非专利技术法律关系的主要客体应当包括成套技术动作、运动营养技术、防止运动创伤技术、关键运动技术动作、运动员选材技术、运动测试技术、训练管理技术、反违规技术、裁判规则的设计技术、重大体育赛事的编排技术和运动竞赛技术等。体育非专利技术法律关系的内容主要是参与主体所享有的权利和承担的义务。由于体育非专利技术既涉及到私人利益的保护,亦关系到公共利益的维持,故在法律保护的指导思想上应当遵循知识产权法上的利益平衡原则。根据体育非专利技术的特点,应当区分其实施前和实施后两种情况分别设定不同的法律保护路径。在法律保护的民事责任方式的设置上,应当坚持以停止侵害、赔礼道歉和赔偿损失为中心的多元责任体系。
[Abstract]:With the development of professionalization and commercialization of competitive sports, a large number of sports non-patent technologies have emerged in sports practice. These technologies have condensed the wisdom and experience of the creators, and have the characteristics of novelty, creativity and practicability. However, it is unable to apply for patent under the provisions of the Patent Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Patent Law), so it cannot be protected by the Patent Law. Sports non-patent technology belongs to the field of private law, so it should be adjusted by the relevant norms of civil legal relations. The analysis method of civil legal relationship is the most basic analysis method, so it will be beneficial to analyze sports non-patent technology from the angle of civil legal relationship. The main body of sports non-patent technology shall include natural person, legal person, state and other organizations. The main object of the legal relationship of non-patented sports technology shall include complete sets of technical movements, sports nutrition techniques, sports trauma prevention techniques, key sports technical movements, athletes' selection techniques, sports testing techniques, training and management techniques, Anti-violation technology, referee design technology, major sports events arrangement technology and sports competition technology. The content of the legal relationship of sports non-patent technology is mainly the rights and obligations of the participants. Since sports non-patented technology is not only related to the protection of private interests but also to the maintenance of public interest, the guiding ideology of legal protection should follow the principle of balance of interests in intellectual property law. According to the characteristics of sports non-patent technology, different ways of legal protection should be established before and after implementation. In the setting of the civil liability mode of legal protection, we should insist on the pluralistic liability system centered on cessation of infringement, apology and compensation for losses.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：姚辉教授主持的司法部2005年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目《法律视野下的奥运会》阶段性研究成果。项目批准编号:05SFB400
【分类号】：D923.4;D922.16

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