传统文化知识产权保护的正当性研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 07:57

【摘要】：传统文化是人类基于千年传承的共同认知,其传承需要法律制度的有力支撑。赋予权利人合理的专有权利才能促进传统文化的利用和文化的再更新,而知识产权制度的创设宗旨就是保护创造者对其智慧财产的权利。研究发现,运用知识产权制度保护传统文化是合理的,更是正当的。首先,传统文化的基本概念与知识产权制度保护客体具有一定的相似性,传统文化的财产性、时间性、私权性特征体现了与知识产权对象范围内的一定重合度。所以,传统文化的产业发展离不开知识产权制度的保护。其次,这种正当性得到了知识产权法学、法理学及经济学的理论支撑。知识产权法学上,正当性的认定应当以著作权法、商标法、专利权法为主,反不正当竞争法为补充,四个制度具有各自的优势,也有局限性。法理学上,传统文化知识产权保护具有特殊的价值目标,天赋人权论和利益平衡论能够合理解释传统文化知识产权保护的正当性。国际法学上,用知识产权制度保护传统文化有利于维护生物多样性和文化多样性。经济学上,传统文化和知识产权的本质属性会受到经济发展的影响并随之变化,经济学中的探矿理论和租金耗散理论可以充分解释知识产权制度相关问题,并对传统文化知识产权保护作出正当性的理论说明。进而,传统文化被纳入知识产权体系的正当性之认定,在实践中存在的突出法律问题主要是如何划分权利主体和行使主体,明确客体的认定标准和认定方式,以及为规避知识产权的不合理垄断权,对权利主体权利限制等。运用知识产权制度保护传统文化需要遵循一定的原则,保真性原则、灵活和全面保护原则以及尊重现有规则原则应是主要原则。现有的传统文化保护模式具体包括防御模式和积极模式,两大保护模式存在各自的优势和不足,只有在改革现有模式基础上,设计出全新模式,传统文化才能得到切实的知识产权保护。可见,传统文化的存续和发展离不开知识产权制度,同时知识产权制度本身也是随着保护对象的变化而不断完善的。对传统文化予以知识产权保护的正当性问题的研究,任重而道远。
[Abstract]:Traditional culture is the common cognition of human being based on millennial inheritance, and its inheritance needs the strong support of legal system. Only by endowing the right holders with reasonable exclusive rights can they promote the utilization of traditional culture and the renewal of culture. The purpose of the establishment of intellectual property system is to protect the rights of creators to their intellectual property. The study found that the use of intellectual property rights system to protect traditional culture is reasonable and more legitimate. Firstly, the basic concept of traditional culture has certain similarity with the object of intellectual property protection, and the property, time and private rights of traditional culture reflect a certain degree of coincidence with the object of intellectual property. Therefore, the industrial development of traditional culture can not be separated from the protection of intellectual property system. Secondly, this legitimacy is supported by intellectual property law, jurisprudence and economics. In intellectual property law, the legitimacy should be confirmed by copyright law, trademark law, patent law and anti-unfair competition law. The four systems have their own advantages and limitations. In jurisprudence, the protection of intellectual property rights of traditional culture has a special value goal. The theory of natural rights and the theory of balance of interests can reasonably explain the legitimacy of the protection of intellectual property rights of traditional culture. In international law, the protection of traditional culture by intellectual property system is beneficial to the preservation of biodiversity and cultural diversity. In economics, the essential attribute of traditional culture and intellectual property will be influenced by economic development and will change with it. The prospecting theory and rent dissipation theory in economics can fully explain the problems related to the intellectual property system. And to the traditional culture intellectual property right protection makes the legitimate theory explanation. Furthermore, the recognition of the legitimacy of the traditional culture being brought into the intellectual property system, the outstanding legal problems in practice are mainly how to divide the subject of right and the subject of exercise, and make clear the standard and mode of identification of the object. And in order to avoid the unreasonable monopoly of intellectual property rights, the rights of the main restrictions. The application of intellectual property system to protect traditional culture should follow certain principles, fidelity principle, flexible and comprehensive protection principle and respect for existing rules should be the main principles. The existing traditional cultural protection mode includes the defensive mode and the positive mode. The two protection modes have their own advantages and disadvantages. Only on the basis of reforming the existing model, the new model is designed. Only the traditional culture can get the real intellectual property protection. It can be seen that the existence and development of traditional culture can not be separated from the intellectual property system, and the intellectual property system itself is constantly improved with the change of the object of protection. The research on the legitimacy of intellectual property protection of traditional culture has a long way to go.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.4

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