论抢劫罪的犯罪构成及认定

发布时间：2019-02-12 20:29

【摘要】：抢劫罪不仅是一种多发、复杂的犯罪,同时也是一种严重侵犯人身权利和财产权益的犯罪,中国历代统治者均将其列为打击的重点。虽然我国《刑法》已在第263条对抢劫罪作出了较为具体的规定,并且最高人民法院也先后出台了几部有关抢劫罪的司法解释,增强了抢劫犯罪认定的可操作性,对司法实务工作起到了很大的指导作用,但是,由于司法实践中不断涌现出新的情况和新的问题,刑法理论界和司法实务界在理解、适用刑法和司法解释相关条款上出现了较多分歧,出现了许多同案异判、同案异刑的现象,这对我国推行司法公正造成了相当严重阻碍。为了服务司法实践,有效打击抢劫犯罪,本文以理论和现实案例相结合的方式,对抢劫罪若干疑难问题进行了深入讨论,并提出了作者自己的观点。本文从抢劫罪犯罪构成的一般理论出发,对抢劫罪的主体、主观方面、客体和客观方面作了概括性论述。对于抢劫罪客体中的犯罪对象问题,本文将有可能认定为抢劫罪的特殊类型犯罪对象分为应当纳入抢劫罪犯罪对象范畴、应当分情况纳入抢劫罪犯罪对象范畴和不应当纳入抢劫罪犯罪对象范畴这三种情形,并根据实际情况对网络虚拟财产、无形财产、非法财产、不动产、财产性利益、知识产权和行为人自己的财产等七类犯罪对象展开讨论,得出结论。关于抢劫罪的客观方面,本文从暴力行为、胁迫行为和其他方法行为的内涵入手,得出以下结论——暴力行为的对象不仅不包括物而且也不包括在场的利害关系人；行为人所采取的暴力行为不仅应当是行为人主观上以此来排除被害人的反抗,而且在客观上也能造成或有可能造成排除被害人反抗的客观结果；不作为胁迫行为不构成抢劫罪；暗示胁迫行为需在特定条件下方能构成抢劫罪；其他方法行为的定义是指,行为人当场对被害人施以暴力、胁迫行为以外的,能使被害人陷入不知反抗、不能反抗或不敢反抗等状态的行为。并在此基础上对其他方法行为予以分类,填补了这一研究领域的空白。由于在司法实践中,抢劫罪与抢夺罪和敲诈勒索罪极易发生混淆,故本文在第七章通过对罪与罪之间区别理论的梳理,和对一些存有较大争议的疑难案例的分析,对抢劫罪与两罪之间的区别予以界定。
[Abstract]:Robbery is not only a complex crime, but also a serious violation of personal rights and property rights and interests. Although the Criminal Law of our country has already made more specific provisions on the crime of robbery in Article 263, and the Supreme people's Court has successively issued several judicial interpretations on the crime of robbery, it has enhanced the operability of the determination of robbery crimes. It has played a great guiding role in judicial practice. However, due to the emergence of new situations and problems in judicial practice, the criminal law theorists and judicial practice circles are understanding, There are many differences in the application of criminal law and related articles of judicial interpretation, and there are many different judgments in the same case and different sentences in the same case, which has caused quite serious obstacles to the implementation of judicial justice in our country. In order to serve the judicial practice and effectively crack down on the crime of robbery, this paper makes a thorough discussion on some difficult problems of the crime of robbery by combining the theory with the practical case, and puts forward the author's own viewpoint. Based on the general theory of the constitution of the crime of robbery, this paper makes a general discussion on the subject, subjective aspect, object and objective aspect of the crime of robbery. With regard to the object of robbery, this paper divides the special type of crime which may be considered as robbery into the category of crime object which should be included in the crime of robbery. It should be brought into the category of crime object of robbery and not included in the category of object of crime of robbery according to the actual situation, the interests of virtual property, intangible property, illegal property, immovable property and property of network, according to the actual situation, should be brought into the category of crime object of robbery. The intellectual property and the perpetrator's own property are discussed and the conclusion is drawn. With regard to the objective aspects of robbery, this paper starts with the connotation of violence, coercion and other methods, and draws the following conclusion: the object of violence not only does not include objects, but also does not include interested parties present; The act of violence taken by the actor should not only exclude the victim's resistance subjectively, but also cause or possibly cause the objective result of excluding the victim's resistance objectively; the act of omission and coercion does not constitute the crime of robbery. Implying that the act of coercion should constitute the crime of robbery under certain conditions; The definition of other methods refers to the behavior in which the victim is subjected to violence or coercion on the spot, which can make the victim fall into a state of unknown resistance, unable to resist or dare not resist. On this basis, the behavior of other methods is classified to fill the gap in this field. In the judicial practice, the crime of robbery is easily confused with the crime of robbery and extortion, so in the seventh chapter, by combing the theory of the distinction between crime and crime, and analyzing some difficult cases that have more controversy, The distinction between the crime of robbery and the two crimes is defined.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924.35

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