河北省蓝色野生花卉资源调查及部分品种栽培驯化

发布时间：2019-03-05 07:35

【摘要】：蓝色系植物资源是花系中稀有种类。开发和利用蓝色野生花卉资源，可以丰富我国地被植物品种，是促进园林绿化发展和谋求商品化花卉自主知识产权创新的一条重要途径。本研究通过近两年来对河北省蓝色野生花卉的野外调查，和对现有数据库及资料的整理，编制了河北省蓝色野生花卉名录，并对其中3种蓝色野生花卉，进行了人工栽培技术研究。主要结论与建议有以下几点： 1、在对河北省蓝色野生花卉进行界定和资料整理汇总及实地调查的基础上，编制形成了包括132种蓝色野生花卉名录，并在名录中对科属、生活型、生境及花期进行了记载，同时附部分彩色图片。 2、选择河北省涞源县空中草原和白石山、涿鹿县、河北省张家口市塞北管理区、沽源县老掌沟四个地区，进行蓝色野生花卉实地考察，采集植物标本、种子，收集蓝色野生花卉照片，为栽培栽培试验提供试验材料及基础性资料。 3、在河北省坝上塞北管理区成功栽培了华北蓝盆花、翠雀和囊花鸢尾，并对人工繁育栽培技术进行了概括总结。华北蓝盆花栽培栽培情况：植株高度无显著变化，单株花朵数、分枝数和基生叶数增加3倍左右；翠雀：植株高度无显著变化，单株花朵数、分枝数增加5倍左右，花冠冠幅增大0.5厘米左右；囊花鸢尾生长季末成活率为86%，返青成活率为67%。三种野生花卉原产于寒冷地区，具有较强的抗寒性，并且耐旱、耐贫瘠，适应环境能力强，管理相对粗放，一次种植，多年利用，病虫害少，繁殖容易，，适合在园林中适宜的地点推广。经过对这三种野生花卉的栽培驯化，发现人工栽培使三种野生花卉花期延长，花株密集。 4、蓝色野生花卉具有很好的经济价值。蓝色野生花卉以其野味性的形姿、纯朴的山林情趣和艳丽的花朵颜色是居室和绿化庭院的理想材料。在园林应用中，可作为花境、花坛材料；也可单植、丛植或片植；同时也是优良的地被绿化植物，可以在干旱、贫瘠的土地及山坡疏林下生长良好；也可以作为鲜切花、盆花和插花等丰富我国的花卉市场。
[Abstract]:The blue plant resource is a rare species in the flower system. The exploitation and utilization of blue wild flower resources can enrich the varieties of ground cover plants in China. It is an important way to promote the development of landscape greening and to seek the innovation of independent intellectual property rights of commercial flowers. Based on the field investigation of blue wild flowers in Hebei Province in the past two years and the arrangement of existing databases and data, a list of blue wild flowers in Hebei Province has been compiled, and three kinds of blue wild flowers have been compiled. Artificial cultivation techniques were studied. The main conclusions and suggestions are as follows: 1. On the basis of the definition, data collation and field investigation of blue wild flowers in Hebei Province, a list of 132 species of blue wild flowers has been compiled, in which 132 species of blue wild flowers have been compiled and included in the list of families and genera. Life forms, habitats and flowering stages were recorded, accompanied by some color pictures. 2. Choose four areas, Laiyuan County, Hebei Province, and Baishi Mountain, Zhuolu County, Seibei Management District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and Laozhanggou, Guyuan County, to conduct on-the-spot investigation of blue wild flowers and collect plant specimens and seeds. The pictures of blue wild flowers were collected to provide experimental materials and basic materials for cultivation experiment. 3. The North China Blue Basin Flower, Cuisces Caraway and Iris saccata were successfully cultivated in Bashang, Hebei Province, and the cultivation techniques of artificial breeding were summarized in this paper. The cultivation of North China blue basin flower: the plant height had no significant change, the number of flowers per plant, the number of branches and the number of basal leaves increased about 3 times; No significant change in plant height. The number of flowers and branches per plant increased about 5 times and the crown width increased about 0.5 cm. The survival rate of Iris saccata at the end of the growing season was 86% and the survival rate of turning green was 67%. The three species of wild flowers are native to cold regions and have strong cold resistance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong adaptability to the environment, relatively extensive management, one planting, multi-year utilization, fewer pests and diseases, and easy reproduction. Suitable for the promotion of suitable places in gardens. Through the cultivation and domestication of the three species of wild flowers, it was found that the artificial cultivation prolonged the flowering period of the three wild flowers and concentrated the flowers and plants. 4, blue wild flowers have good economic value. Blue wild flowers are ideal materials for living room and greening courtyard with their wild-smelling appearance, simple mountain-forest interest and showy flower color. In garden application, it can be used as flower field, flower bed material, single-planting, cluster-planting or piece-planting, and it is also a good green plant, which can grow well under arid, barren land and sparse forest on hillside, at the same time, it can grow well in arid, barren land and hillside sparse forest. It can also be used as fresh cut flower, pot flower and flower arrangement to enrich the flower market of our country.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：S68

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