科学博客研究

发布时间：2019-04-02 06:34

【摘要】：科学传播作为以提高公民科学素养,实现个人、社会、自然和谐发展为目的的全民终身科学教育和互动过程,自贝尔纳于20世纪30年代正式提出以来,一直受到科学界、教育界、新闻界的广泛关注。在我国公民科学素养相对较低的现状下,如何高效进行科学传播,切实实现科学传播的最终目标——提高公民科学素养,恐怕是现今学界最关切的问题之一,也是本研究的重点和目标。本研究以互联网时代的科学博客为研究对象,从STS和传播学的视角,系统探讨了科学博客作为新型的科学传播媒介,在弥补传统大众传媒不足,实现对话型、民主型科学传播模式方面的可能。同时针对科学博客传播过程中的问题和隐忧进行了分析,并提出了建设性的对策和措施。研究围绕科学博客传播的三大要素即传播主体、客体、受众展开研究,并对其实现“民主型”科学传播模式的可能进行了综述。本论文共分五个章节：第一章,科学博客的内涵及特征。科学博客作为科学传播的渠道之一,除具有博客技术的开放性、即时性、交互性、便捷性等特征外,同时兼具传播主体的专业性、传播内容的科学性、科学知识的建构性等特征。与传统的科技期刊、电视科教栏目、数字出版平台相比,科学博客具有五大独特的功能：一是打造了科学知识的管理平台,为科学知识的管理创建了新的模式：二是提供了科学研究的出版平台,为科学工作者优先出版创建了自媒体模式；三是建构了“无形学院”,为同行交流提供了跨时空的平台；四是构建了公众参与的平台,为公众理解科学、参与科学提供了可能。五是构建了科学新闻传播者与公众之间的交流、互动和合作平台,为科学新闻的报道提供了新的模式。第二章,科学博客主体构成及奖励机制。科学博客主体是科学信息的撰写者和发布者,较之其他媒介的科学传播主体,具有双重性、专业性、实名性、去中心性等特征。科学博客主体通常由科学家精英层、高校科研人员、科普工作者(科普作家、科学记者、科学编辑)等构成,他们一般以群体的方式聚居在特定的科学博客圈,以群体认同、群体规范、群体凝聚力维系着科学传播和科学交流活动,为科学传播贡献着自己的力量。但由于科学工作者的时间因素、对写作风险的认知、对博客技术的担忧及科学政策等方面因素,使用人群还是较少。为激发科学工作者参与科学博客的积极性,应建立内外部有机结合的科学博客主体奖励机制。第三章,科学博客客体构成及知识产权。科学博客客体是科学传播主体直接展示给公众的科学信息,是公众认识科学、理解科学最核心的介质。按照不同的分类方法,科学博客客体可分为不同的类型,但科学博客客体最核心的传播内容为科学,包括科学知识、科学思想、科学方法、科学精神、科学文化、科学政策等,这是其与其他类型博客最核心的区别。但是博客技术开放性的特征,也为科学工作者带来了知识产权的风险。研究提出了保护知识产权的三个建议：即从政府层面健全科学博客立法体系,从社区层面建立严格的学术规范,从社会公众层面树立网络维权意识,三位一体共同维护科学博客主体的知识产权。第四章,科学博客受众构成及公民科学素养提升。科学博客开放性、交互性的特征,为公众互动、平等、民主地参与科学传播提供了可能,也使公众兼具了传受主体的同一性、信息选择的自主性、自发参与的民主性等特征。科学博客为公众理解科学、参与科学、共建科学提供了可能。但在现阶段我国公民科学素养相对较低的状况下,如何充分挖掘博客的科学传播功能,拓宽科学传播渠道,让公众多渠道参与科学活动是当务之急。研究提出,应借助科学博客平台,整合传统大众传媒和新媒体的优势,多媒介融合传播科学；应依托科学博客平台,聚集更多的科学爱好者传播科学；应重视和鼓励地方性科学的建立和传播,共建科学传播体系。第五章,“民主型”科学传播模式的实现。科学技术的发展带来了媒介技术的嬗变,而媒介技术的嬗变带来了科学传播形式的变化。Web2.0时代博客技术的出现,为科学传播进入对话型、民主型传播模式提供了可能。然而在科学博客的运行和发展过程中,由新媒介运行所带来的科学家精英层缺失、同行评议缺失及把关人缺失等因素导致的公信力缺失,为科学博客的可持续发展带来了潜在和显性的危机。对于能够负载其他大众传媒所不具备的交互式科学传播的科学博客而言,要实现健康可持续发展,应树立全面质量管理理念,建立科学编辑、同行专家、科学博主、公众四位一体的学术质量控制体系,以保证科学博客公信力的提升。
[Abstract]:As a whole people's life science education and interaction process, which aims to improve the scientific literacy of the citizens and realize the harmonious development of the individual, the society and the natural, since the formal introduction of Berna in the 1930s, it has been widely concerned by the scientific community, the educational circles and the press. In the present situation of the relatively low Chinese citizen's scientific literacy, how to carry out the scientific communication with high efficiency and to realize the ultimate goal of scientific communication _ to improve the scientific literacy of the citizens is one of the most concerned problems in the current world, and the focus and objective of the study. This study, based on the scientific blog of the Internet era, discussed the scientific blog as a new type of scientific communication media from the perspective of STS and communication, and made possible to make up for the shortage of traditional mass media, and to realize the mode of dialogue and democracy. At the same time, the problems and worries in the process of scientific blog communication are analyzed, and the constructive countermeasures and measures are put forward. The three main elements of the study about the dissemination of scientific blog, namely, the subject, the object and the audience, are studied, and the possibility of realizing the "democracy type" scientific communication model is reviewed. The thesis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter, the connotation and characteristics of the scientific blog. As one of the channels of scientific communication, the scientific blog, in addition to the features of openness, immediacy, interactivity, convenience, etc., has both the characteristics of the communication subject, the scientific nature of the communication, the construction of scientific knowledge and so on. Compared with the traditional sci-tech periodicals, the TV and education programs and the digital publishing platform, the scientific blog has five unique functions: one is to build the management platform of scientific knowledge, and to create a new mode for the management of scientific knowledge: the second is to provide the publishing platform of scientific research, The creation of the self-media model for scientific workers; the third is to construct the "intangible college" and provide a platform for peer-to-peer communication; and the fourth is to build a platform for public participation, and provide the public with the possibility of science and participation in science. The fifth is to build an exchange, interaction and cooperation platform between the science news media and the public, and provide a new mode for the coverage of scientific news. The second chapter, the main body of the science blog and the reward mechanism. The main body of the scientific blog is the writer and the publisher of the scientific information. The scientific blog body is usually composed of the scientists' elite, the university researchers, the popular science workers (popular science writers, scientific journalists, scientific editors) and so on. They are in a community-based manner in a specific scientific blog circle, with the group identity and the group specification, The cohesion of the group holds the scientific communication and scientific exchange activities, and contributes to the scientific dissemination of its own power. But because of the time factor of the scientific worker, the cognition of the writing risk, the concern about the technology of the blog and the scientific policy, the use of the population is still less. In order to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific workers to participate in the scientific blog, it is necessary to establish an internal and external organic combined scientific blog subject reward mechanism. The third chapter, the object of the scientific blog and the intellectual property. The object of the scientific blog is the scientific information which is directly displayed to the public by the scientific communication body, which is the core of the public awareness of science and the understanding of the core of science. According to different classification methods, the object of scientific blog can be divided into different types, but the most core communication content of scientific blog object is science, including scientific knowledge, scientific thought, scientific method, scientific spirit, scientific culture, scientific policy, etc., This is the core difference between it and other types of blogs. But the features of the openness of the technology of the blog also bring the risk of intellectual property to the scientific workers. The paper puts forward three suggestions to protect the intellectual property right: to perfect the scientific blog legislative system from the government level, to establish a strict academic standard from the community level, to establish the network rights protection consciousness from the public level, and to jointly maintain the intellectual property of the scientific blog body. Chapter four, the composition of the scientific blog audience and the improvement of the citizen's scientific literacy. The open and interactive features of scientific blog provide the possibility for public interaction, equality and democracy to participate in the scientific communication, and also make the public have the characteristics of the identity of the subject, the autonomy of information selection and the democratic nature of the spontaneous participation. The scientific blog provides a possibility for the public to understand science, participate in science and build science. But at the present stage, under the condition of relatively low Chinese citizen's scientific literacy, how to fully tap the scientific communication function of the blog, broaden the channel of scientific communication, and make the public multi-channel participate in the scientific activities is an urgent matter. According to the research, the advantages of the traditional mass media and the new media should be integrated with the help of the scientific blog platform, and the multi-media fusion and communication science should be integrated; the scientific blog platform should be supported, and more scientific fans should be gathered to spread science; the establishment and dissemination of local science should be paid attention to and encouraged, To build a scientific and communication system. Chapter five, the realization of the "democracy type" scientific communication mode. The development of science and technology has brought about the transformation of the media technology, and the evolution of the media technology has brought the change of the form of scientific communication. The emergence of the blog technology in the Web2.0 era provides a possibility for scientific communication into the dialogue-type and the democratic-type communication mode. However, in the course of the operation and development of the scientific blog, the loss of the credibility of the scientists, the absence of peer review and the missing of the gatekeepers caused by the new media's operation leads to a potential and dominant crisis for the sustainable development of the scientific blog. In the case of the scientific blog that can load the interactive scientific communication that the other mass media does not possess, to realize the healthy and sustainable development, a comprehensive quality management idea should be set up, and the academic quality control system of the scientific editor, the peer-expert, the scientific master and the public is established. So as to ensure the improvement of the credibility of the scientific blog.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G206

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