钢球表面缺陷的多光纤检测方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 15:59

【摘要】：钢球是滚动球轴承的一个重要零部件，它的质量情况对轴承的使用寿命、运动精度、运转性能起着关键性的作用。特别是钢球表面质量对轴承功能特性影响显著，影响着转动部位的表面承载能力和抗疲劳强度,对于间隙配合部位的配合性能、润滑性能和耐磨损性能等许多方面都有非常重要的要求。在球轴承的故障因素分析中，由于钢球表面缺陷而导致的失效形式高达70%以上，因此球轴承质量提高的关键是对钢球表面缺陷进行检测，严格把好钢球表面质量这一关。我国迫切需要一种新的技术，开发出具有国产独立知识产权的钢球表面质量检测仪器，提高检测精度与准确度，降低设备购买成本，减小对国外设备的依赖性。本文提出的钢球表面缺陷的多光纤检测方法研究是在一系列基金项目的资助下开展的。本课题参与了企业委托项目、济南大学校博士基金项目(XBS0854)、国家级大学生创新创业训练项目（201210427022）、山东省高等学校计划项目(J10LD22)以及山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目（BS2010ZZ001）等，以钢球表面缺陷为研究对象，根据粗糙表面散射理论以及双光束比值测量方法，把光纤传感技术应用到钢球表面缺陷检测上，打破钢球表面缺陷检测自动化程度低，效率低的瓶颈，开发一套价格适中、高速高效的钢球表面缺陷检测设备。根据钢球表面缺陷标准，分析缺陷参数和特征，把缺陷归类为位移缺陷与粗糙度缺陷，使之能够实现光纤传感器对缺陷特征的获取。分析光纤传感器探头光纤排列模型，为方便对钢球表面缺陷特征的提取，确定中心发射周围三圈接收的传感器探头光纤阵列，用反射式光强调制型光纤传感器对钢球表面缺陷进行检测。基于高斯分布假设，建立光纤传感器球面检测模型，根据几何关系推导函数模型，用matlab对传感器的内径/外径、数值孔径、轴间距进行仿真，根据仿真曲线合理确定光纤传感器结构参数。分析设计钢球表面缺陷检测信号处理系统，包括调制光源激励电路，光电转换模块电路，前置差动放大电路，无限增益带通滤波电路，窗函数比较电路，有效实现缺陷特征信号的放大，噪声干扰的滤除，提高了信噪比，完成缺陷特征信号的采集并送往上位机进行处理。制作传感器，设计电路板，搭建实验平台，设计光纤传感器实验，，从原理上验证光纤传感器能够进行钢球表面缺陷检测；进行传感器发射光纤出射光强分布研究，光强分布近似为高斯分布，充分说明假设是成立的，光纤传感器球面检测模型构建准确；安排光纤传感器粗糙度测量实验，实验结果表明此光纤传感器可以进行粗糙度检测；双光束比较法测量位移实验，表明传感器能够有效分离粗糙度影响与位移缺陷影响。通过研究，初步建立起一套钢球表面缺陷多光纤检测系统，为钢球表面质量检测机的研制奠定基础。
[Abstract]:The steel ball is an important part of the rolling ball bearing. The quality of the steel ball plays a key role in the service life, accuracy and running performance of the bearing. In particular, that influence of the surface quality of the steel ball on the characteristic of the bearing is remarkable, the surface bearing capacity and the fatigue strength of the rotating part are influenced, and the requirements of the matching performance, the lubricating property and the wear resistance of the clearance fit part are very important. In the fault factor analysis of the ball bearing, the failure form due to the defect of the surface of the steel ball is as high as 70%, therefore, the key of improving the quality of the ball bearing is to detect the surface defects of the steel ball, and the surface quality of the steel ball is strictly controlled. There is an urgent need for a new technology in China to develop a steel ball surface quality detection instrument with domestic independent intellectual property rights, to improve the detection accuracy and accuracy, to reduce the equipment purchase cost and to reduce the dependence on foreign equipment. In this paper, the multi-fiber detection method for surface defects of steel ball is carried out under the support of a series of fund projects. This project is involved in the enterprise commissioned project, the Project of the Project of the University of Great Schools of Jinan (XBS0854), the National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (201210427022), the Shandong Higher Education Plan Project (J10LD22) and the Scientific Research and Award Fund of the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientists in Shandong Province (BS2010ZZ001). According to the rough surface scattering theory and the double-beam ratio measurement method, the optical fiber sensing technology is applied to the surface defect detection of the steel ball, and the bottleneck of low automation degree and low efficiency of the steel ball surface defect detection is broken, and a set of prices is developed, High-speed and high-efficiency steel ball surface defect detection device according to the surface defect standard of the steel ball, the defect parameters and the characteristics are analyzed, and the defect is classified as a displacement defect and a roughness defect, so that the defect characteristic of the optical fiber sensor can be realized, The optical fiber array model of the optical fiber sensor probe is analyzed to facilitate the extraction of the defect features on the surface of the steel ball, the fiber array of the sensor probe received by the three circles around the center is determined, the surface of the steel ball is not needed by the reflective light intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor, Based on the assumption of the Gaussian distribution, the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is established, the function model is derived according to the geometric relation, the inner diameter/ outer diameter, the numerical aperture and the axial distance of the sensor are simulated by the matlab, and the optical fiber sensing is reasonably determined according to the simulation curve. An analysis and design steel ball surface defect detection signal processing system comprises a modulation light source excitation circuit, a photoelectric conversion module circuit, a front differential amplifier circuit, an infinite gain band-pass filter circuit and a window function comparison circuit, The noise interference is filtered out, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the acquisition of the defect characteristic signal is completed and sent to the upper computer is processed, a sensor is manufactured, a circuit board is designed, an experimental platform is built, an optical fiber sensor experiment is designed, the optical fiber sensor can be verified from the principle, the surface defect detection of the steel ball can be carried out, The distribution approximation is a Gaussian distribution, which fully shows that the assumption is that the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is constructed accurately; the measurement experiment of the roughness of the optical fiber sensor is arranged; the experimental results show that the optical fiber sensor can carry out roughness detection; and the double light beam The displacement experiment is measured by the comparison method, which shows that the sensor can effectively separate the roughness. In this paper, a set of multi-fiber detection system for surface defects of steel ball is established, which is the surface of steel ball.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TG84

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