劳动力工资上涨与中国工业企业创新

发布时间：2018-03-13 19:11

本文选题：工资上涨　切入点：新产品产出　出处：《宏观质量研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来,中国的工资水平经历了一个较大幅度的上升,按照工资理论,劳动力价格的上升会促使企业采用劳动节约型的生产技术,这意味着企业会因此而进行生产技术的创新,而劳动生产率的提高则又会激励企业的研发活动和产品创新。那么,这种工资上涨对创新的诱导作用是否也存在于中国的企业中?文章使用1998年至2007年中国工业企业数据库的数据,采用固定效应模型检验了工资上涨对企业创新活动的影响。回归结果显示,(1)企业平均工资与企业新产品产出之间有显著的正相关关系;(2)企业平均工资与企业研究开发投入之间有显著的正相关关系;(3)将滞后一期的平均工资加入回归后,平均工资对企业创新投入和创新产出的正向影响依旧显著;(4)由于劳动密集型企业的工资总额占生产成本的比重较大,文章提取了样本中的劳动密集型企业进行单独回归,与全样本相比,劳动密集型企业样本中平均工资对创新产出的正向影响同样显著,且系数略大于全样本中的估计。文章的结论对于正确认识创新驱动型经济中的要素市场具有一定的启示。在过去较长一段时间内,由于要素市场的扭曲和工资刚性,中国的劳动力价格一直处于较低的水平,企业在享受廉价劳动力带来的好处时,明显缺乏创新动力。随着人口红利的逐渐消失,劳动力价格上升,企业才开始从产品价格优势转向产品质量优势,从而形成创新动力。从这个角度上说,以要素市场改革促进创新发展是存在实证依据的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's wage level has experienced a relatively large increase. According to wage theory, the rise in labor prices will encourage enterprises to adopt labor-saving production technology, which means that enterprises will therefore carry out innovation in production technology. In turn, the increase of labor productivity will stimulate R & D activities and product innovation. So, does this kind of wage increase induce innovation in Chinese enterprises? From 1998 to 2007, the data of China's industrial enterprises database are used in this paper. The fixed effect model is used to test the effect of wage increase on innovation activities of enterprises. Regression results show that there is a significant positive correlation between average wages of enterprises and the output of new products. There is a significant positive correlation between development inputs. The positive effect of average wage on innovation input and innovation output is still significant (4) since the total wages of labor-intensive enterprises account for a large proportion of production costs, the paper extracts the labor-intensive enterprises from the sample to regress separately. Compared with the whole sample, the average wage in the labor-intensive enterprises sample has a significant positive impact on innovation output. And the coefficient is slightly larger than the estimate in the whole sample. The conclusion of this paper has some implications for the correct understanding of the factor market in the innovation-driven economy. In the past, due to the distortion of the factor market and the rigidity of wages, China's labor prices have been at low levels, and companies have a clear lack of innovative incentives to benefit from cheap labor. As the demographic dividend wanes, labor prices rise. From this point of view, there is an empirical basis for promoting innovation by the reform of factor market.
【作者单位】：武汉大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71273201) 国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(13&ZD020) 湖北省软科学重点项目(2017)“科技创新成为‘第一动力’的理论研究”的资助
【分类号】：F272.92;F273.1;F424

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