云南省某市居民酒精消费调查方法比较及过量饮酒影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 20:17

本文选题：饮酒 + 测量方法　；参考：《昆明医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的研究显示,有害饮酒对人群造成的危害已经到了非常严重的程度,国外对饮酒研究形成了较为成熟的测量方法体系。许多国家也制定了限制饮酒的政策,并取得了良好的社会效益。国内在饮酒调查方法方面的研究还比较欠缺,而在限制饮酒方面,中国与其他国家和地区相比,在酒精政策的许多方面显得相对薄弱,特别是关于税收、禁止向未成年人售酒、酒精供应及营销策略的许可证制度等。希望通过本项目的研究,可以为饮酒调查方法的后续研究及应用提供些许参考。以便于最终确定适合我国实际情况的测量方法体系,尽可能准确的反应我国不同人群的饮酒状况。同时根据研究结果,为政府及相关部门,采取相应预防干预措施、制定政策减少人群有害饮酒,最终提高人群的健康素质提供有益的参考,并根据结果提出控制有害饮酒方面的建议。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法抽取云南省某市5个乡镇574名≥12岁在当地居住时间超过6个月及以上的苗族、彝族、汉族农村居民为研究对象。收集居民基本情况、周边饮酒环境和四种调查方法所得的饮酒情况。结果本次调查的人群以饮用白酒和啤酒为主,白酒在数量频率法、尝试水平法、过去7天法和简单昨天法中饮用的比例分别为35.71%、28.75%、22.47%、18.64%,啤酒则分别为 17.42%、6.62%、3.66%和 1.92%。四种方法均折合成一年的酒精摄入量,数量频率法得到的人均年纯酒精摄入量为4772.57g,其次为尝试水平法3975.29g,过去7天法3092.25g,简单昨天法2693.67g。对饮酒者而言,人均年酒精摄入量中位数最高的是简单昨天法,其次依次为过去7天法、尝试水平法和数量频率法。简单昨天法和过去7天法得到的饮酒者人均每天酒精摄入量的中位数大于尝试水平法和数量频率法。在有饮酒的时间内,饮酒者人均每天的酒精摄入量中位数最高的为尝试水平法,其次依次为过去7天法、数量频率法和简单昨天法。根据国际饮酒监测和相关危害指南对有害饮酒的判定标准,四种方法得到的有害饮酒率由高到低依次为数量频率法17.8%、尝试水平法13.6%、过去7天法9.2%和简单昨天法8.0%。对过量饮酒影响因素的分析发现,家庭成员饮酒人数越多、不良的朋友饮酒环境、饮酒年限越长及更高的文化传承得分(β=0.083)能促发人群过量饮酒的发生,女性(β=—2.101)、对饮酒危害的认识越清晰过量饮酒的可能性更小。除此外,室外酒精饮料广告、较好的酒精饮料可及性也可能加大过量饮酒的可能性。结论数量频率法更适合用于调查人均年酒精摄入量。对饮酒者而言,虽然简单昨天法和过去7天法回忆偏倚较小,但这两种方法涵盖的饮酒者较少,容易遗失最近7天没有饮酒,但实际上饮酒的人群,因此不适合用来调查人均年酒精摄入量。四种方法用于收集人群饮酒情况时各有优劣,单一的方法可能无法全面反映人群实际的饮酒情况,因此多种方法综合使用,获得的人群饮酒结果可能更为准确。通过健康宣传教育,减少家庭成员饮酒人数,抵制不良的朋友饮酒环境及有害的饮酒文化是控制过量饮酒行为发生的重要措施。这些措施对防止青少年过早饮酒,减少中老年人群过量饮酒具有重要意义。对于政府而言,加强家庭自酿酒的监管、酒精购买人群年龄限制及酒精广告的规范管理是顺应“健康中国”战略建设,需要在今后重点加强的地方。
[Abstract]:Objective research shows that harmful drinking has been very serious to the population, and a more mature measurement system has been developed abroad for drinking research. Many countries have also formulated a policy to limit alcohol consumption and have achieved good social benefits. In terms of limiting alcohol consumption, China is relatively weak in many aspects of alcohol policy compared with other countries and regions, especially on taxes, prohibiting the sale of alcohol to minors, the licensing of alcohol supply and marketing strategies. To facilitate the final determination of the measurement system suitable for the actual situation in China and to respond to the drinking conditions of different populations in China as accurately as possible. At the same time, according to the results of the study, the government and relevant departments should adopt corresponding preventive intervention measures, formulate policies to reduce the harmful drinking and drink wine, and ultimately improve the health quality of the population. A multi stage sampling method was used to extract 574 Miao, Yi and Han Rural Residents in 5 towns of Yunnan Province, who were more than 12 years old and over 6 months or more. The basic situation of residents, the surrounding drinking environment and four kinds of investigative parties were collected. The results of the drinking alcohol consumption. Results the population was mainly drinking liquor and beer, liquor in the quantitative frequency method, the trial level method, the proportion of drinking in the past 7 days and simple yesterday method were 35.71%, 28.75%, 22.47%, 18.64% respectively, and the beer were 17.42%, 6.62%, 3.66% and 1.92%., four methods were all reduced to one year of alcohol intake. The average annual alcohol intake of per capita was 4772.57g, followed by the trial level method 3975.29g, the last 7 days method 3092.25g, the simple yesterday method 2693.67g. for drinkers, the average annual alcohol intake per capita was the simple yesterday method, followed by the past 7 days, the trial level method and the quantitative frequency method. The median per day alcohol intake per person obtained by the yesterday and the past 7 days was greater than the trial level method and the quantitative frequency method. In the time of drinking, the highest average alcohol intake per person per day was the trial level method, followed by the past 7 days, the quantitative frequency method and the simple yesterday method. Alcohol drinking monitoring and related hazard guidelines for the determination of harmful alcohol drinking, the four methods of harmful drinking rate from high to low were 17.8% in order of quantitative frequency, 13.6% in the trial level method. The analysis of the influence factors of excessive drinking in the past 7 days method 9.2% and simple yesterday method 8.0%. found that the more people drinking in the family, the bad friends drank Environment, the longer the years of drinking and the higher cultural heritage score (beta =0.083) can promote the occurrence of excessive drinking in the population, women (beta = 2.101), the more clear and more likely to drink alcohol is less likely to be aware of the risk of drinking. In addition, the advertising of outdoor alcoholic beverages, the availability of better alcoholic beverages, may also increase the possibility of excessive drinking. The quantitative frequency method is more suitable for investigating the annual alcohol intake per person. For drinkers, although the simple yesterday method and the past 7 day recollection bias are less, the two methods cover less drinkers and lose the last 7 days without drinking, but the people who are actually drinking are not suitable for investigating per capita annual alcohol intake. Four A single method can not fully reflect the actual drinking situation of the population when it is used to collect the drinking situation of the population. Therefore, the comprehensive use of various methods may be more accurate. Through health education, the number of drinking alcohol in family members is reduced, the drinking environment of bad friends and the harmful effects of drinking are also resisted. Drinking culture is an important measure to control excessive drinking. These measures are of great significance to prevent young people from drinking too early and reduce excessive drinking in the middle and old age groups. For the government, the regulation of family self making, the age limit of the alcohol buying crowd and the standard management of alcohol advertising are conforming to the "healthy China" war. It needs to be strengthened in the future.
【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.82;R195

【参考文献】