我国上市军工企业技术效率的测度及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 22:47

本文选题：上市军企 + 技术效率　；参考：《南昌大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着军工企业兼并重组工作的开展,军民融合战略的深入,我国军企的规模效益进一步显现,民营企业参与国防建设的范围逐渐扩大。但受到计划经济体制的惯性和军工产业特殊性的影响,大多数上市军工企业普遍存在规模效率低下、股权布局不合理、研发投入不足、人才培养机制不完善等问题,最终将不同程度地限制了我国上市军企的技术效率。因此,研究我国上市军企的技术效率及其影响因素,对军企优化资源配置、改善经营管理、实现经营目标;对国家制定军工发展战略、落实军民融合战略、提升国防综合实力、保障国际竞争地位,均具有重要的现实意义。本文首先对国内外研究文献进行梳理,阐述现有的效率理论,比较几种常用的测度方法及其优缺点,从而确定选用DEA法来测度我国上市军企的技术效率。通过构建一个3投入2产出的指标体系进行测度,分析得出以下结论:我国多数上市军企的综合技术效率较为理想,但整体并未实现技术有效;各军企间的差异较大,且纯技术效率的水平明显高于规模效率,综合技术效率值不高的原因主要在于企业规模效率低下;此外,我国军工企业几乎不存在规模过大的问题,但普遍存在规模过小的问题,个别还存在技术无效率,要注意防止其恶化。基于DEA法测度出的效率值,再结合军工产业的特点,本文又从股权布局、研发投入、人力资本、企业能力以及企业规模等5个方面,选取出7个具体指标,使用面板Tobit模型对技术效率的影响因素进行分析,结论为:国有持股对技术效率存在明显的抑制作用;高学历人员占比、总资产周转率、总资产收益率、企业规模、股权制衡度和研发支出均对其有促进作用,但后两个作用效果并不显著。此外,通过与OLS、普通Tobit的回归结果相比较,可知各项影响因素的作用情况基本稳定,并且面板Tobit模型能有效避免OLS等回归产生的参数估计偏差。最后,根据上述两个实证结论,提出相应的对策建议,希望有助于提高我国上市军企的技术效率,以获取更多的经济效益,实现可持续发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the merger and reorganization of military enterprises and the deepening of the strategy of military and civil integration, the scale efficiency of military enterprises in our country has been further revealed, and the scope of private enterprises participating in the national defense construction has gradually expanded. However, under the influence of the inertia of the planned economy system and the particularity of the military industry, most listed military enterprises generally have problems such as low scale efficiency, unreasonable equity distribution, insufficient R & D investment, imperfect personnel training mechanism, and so on. Finally, the technical efficiency of listed military enterprises will be limited to some extent. Therefore, to study the technical efficiency of listed military enterprises in China and its influencing factors, to optimize the allocation of resources, to improve management, to achieve business objectives, to formulate a strategy for the development of military industry, to implement a strategy for the integration of military and civil affairs, and to enhance the comprehensive strength of national defense. Safeguard international competitive position, have important realistic meaning. This paper firstly combs the domestic and foreign research literature, expounds the existing efficiency theory, compares several commonly used measurement methods and their advantages and disadvantages, and then determines the selection of DEA method to measure the technical efficiency of listed military enterprises in China. By constructing an index system of 3 inputs and 2 outputs, the following conclusions are drawn: the comprehensive technical efficiency of most listed military enterprises in China is ideal, but the overall technology is not effective. The level of pure technical efficiency is obviously higher than that of scale efficiency. The reason why the comprehensive technical efficiency is not high lies in the low scale efficiency of enterprises. However, the problem of too small scale and technical inefficiency in individual cases should be paid attention to prevent its deterioration. Based on the efficiency value measured by DEA method and combined with the characteristics of the military industry, this paper selects seven specific indicators from five aspects: equity layout, R & D investment, human capital, enterprise capability and enterprise scale. Panel Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors of technical efficiency. The conclusions are as follows: the state-owned shareholding has obvious restraining effect on technical efficiency, the proportion of highly educated personnel, the total asset turnover rate, the total asset return rate, the enterprise scale, and so on. Equity checks and balances and R & D expenditure can promote them, but the latter two effects are not significant. In addition, by comparing with the regression results of OLS and ordinary Tobit, it can be seen that the influence factors are basically stable, and the panel Tobit model can effectively avoid the parameter estimation deviation caused by OLS regression. Finally, according to the above two empirical conclusions, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in the hope of improving the technical efficiency of listed military enterprises in China, in order to obtain more economic benefits and realize sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426.48;F273.1

【参考文献】