后关税配额时代我国稀土资源出口管理制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 01:08

本文选题：稀土资源 + 出口管理　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：稀土作为一种不可再生的重要矿产资源,具有极高的科技和军事应用价值,是世界各国高新科技产业进步和国家战略发展的关键元素。我国虽然是稀土的出口大国,但并不是出口强国,长期以低廉的价格、有限的储备供应着全球稀土市场,由此带来的资源过度消耗、生态破坏、环境污染等问题日趋严重。特别是2015年,按照WTO要求正式取消稀土出口配额、出口资质管理和出口关税后,我国稀土资源出口进入后关税配额时代,出口管理极度弱化,加之国内管理存在诸多问题,使得中国稀土产业面临巨大的危机。本文通过梳理我国稀土资源出口管理的历史发展脉络、存在的问题等,理清了我国稀土管理体制演变过程,对我国进行稀土出口管理的动因和WTO稀土案对出口管理带来的质疑与挑战进行了深入的分析,阐明了我国进行稀土管理的合法性和必要性,以及后关税配额时代我国稀土出口管理所要解决的问题,并就如何完善后关税配额时代的稀土出口管理制度进行探讨,从国内管理、出口管理、提升产业竞争力等角度提出了一系列建议。本文认为,在后关税配额时代,出口管理出现真空,许多历史遗留问题如开采环节无序、流管管理不力、环保成本社会化等日益凸显,使我国稀土产业面临严峻的形势。在这种情况下,只有更多依靠国内管理体系的完善,做好稀土资源的生产、流通、环保等各个环节管理,严厉打击黑矿、规范资源开采秩序,做好流通管理及全程追溯,加强环保约束,实现产业科学管理,继续推动六家大型稀土集团发挥有效合力,淘汰和化解过剩产能,推进产业集约化、高端化发展,进而提升我国稀土产业创新和竞争能力,同时,进一步完善出口许可证管理,将出口许可证与产业链前端管理结合起来,实现出口管理与国内管理相融合,切实提高我国稀土产业的国际地位,使我国这个“稀土大国”真正成为“稀土强国”。
[Abstract]:As an important non-renewable mineral resource, rare earth is of great value in science and technology and military application. It is the key element of the development of high-tech industry and national strategy in the world. Although China is a large export country of rare earth, it is not a powerful export country. It supplies the global rare earth market with low price and limited reserve for a long time. The problems caused by it are becoming more and more serious, such as excessive consumption of resources, ecological destruction, environmental pollution and so on. Especially in 2015, after the formal abolition of rare earth export quotas in accordance with WTO requirements, export qualification management and export tariffs, China's rare earth resources export has entered the post-tariff quota era, export management is extremely weak, and there are many problems in domestic management. China's rare earth industry is facing a huge crisis. By combing the historical development and existing problems of the export management of rare earth resources in China, this paper clarifies the evolution process of the rare earth management system in China. In this paper, the causes of rare earth export management in China and the doubts and challenges brought by the WTO rare earth case to export management are analyzed in depth, and the legitimacy and necessity of rare earth management in China are expounded. And the problems to be solved in China's export management of rare earths in the era of post-tariff quota, and how to perfect the management system of rare earths in the era of post-tariff quota, from the point of view of domestic management and export management, This paper puts forward a series of suggestions from the angle of improving the competitiveness of industry. This paper holds that in the post-tariff quota era, there is a vacuum in export management, and many problems left over from history, such as disordered mining links, ineffective flow tube management, socialization of environmental protection costs, etc., make the rare earth industry of our country face a severe situation. Under such circumstances, only by relying more on the perfection of the domestic management system, doing a good job in the production, circulation and environmental protection of rare earth resources, severely cracking down on black mines, standardizing the order of exploitation of resources, and doing a good job of circulation management and tracing back to the whole process, Strengthen environmental protection constraints, realize scientific industrial management, continue to promote six large rare earth groups to exert effective joint efforts, eliminate and resolve excess production capacity, promote industrial intensification and high-end development, and further enhance the innovation and competitiveness of China's rare earth industry. At the same time, we will further improve the management of export licenses, combine export licenses with the front-end management of the industrial chain, realize the integration of export management with domestic management, and effectively enhance the international status of China's rare earth industry. Make our country this "rare earth country" truly become "rare earth power".
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F426;F752.62

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