市场竞争的创造性、破坏性与技术升级

发布时间：2018-08-05 11:15

【摘要】：在一个马克思—熊彼特的视角下,本文考察了市场竞争对技术进步的影响。利用中国加入WTO以后部分产业非关税壁垒取消引起市场竞争环境变化提供的自然实验,本文得到以下结果:通过促进扩展边际上更多的企业投资于RD和集约边际上创新型企业RD投入密度的上升,市场竞争推动了企业层面RD投入的增加;企业层面RD投入的增加促进了产品创新和过程创新,进而通过技术进步推动了企业实际利润的增长;基于以创新利润为基础的市场选择机制,市场竞争压缩了低技术企业的市场份额,甚至将它们逐出市场。这些结果表明,在技术变迁的过程中,市场竞争具有两面性:创造性和破坏性。通过创造性,市场竞争推动了微观层面的技术升级;通过破坏性,市场竞争推动了市场份额从低技术企业向高技术企业转移,进而通过再配置效应推动了总量层面的技术升级。因此,在中国经济增长的新常态下,以培育竞争性市场为核心的产业政策应该成为当前推动经济增长动力转换的重要政策工具。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of Max Schumpeter, this paper examines the impact of market competition on technological progress. Taking advantage of the natural experiment provided by the change of market competition environment caused by the elimination of some industry non-tariff barriers after China's entry into WTO, In this paper, the following results are obtained: by promoting more firms to invest in R D on the extended margin and increasing the R D input density of innovative enterprises on the intensive marginal, market competition promotes the increase of R D investment at the enterprise level; The increase of R D investment at the enterprise level promotes product innovation and process innovation, and then promotes the growth of the actual profit of the enterprise through technological progress, which is based on the market selection mechanism based on the innovation profit. Market competition compresses the market share of low-tech companies, even driving them out of the market. These results show that in the process of technological change, market competition has two sides: creative and destructive. Through creativity, market competition promotes microcosmic technological upgrading; through destructive, market competition promotes the transfer of market share from low-tech enterprises to high-tech enterprises, and then promotes the total technological upgrading through reconfiguration effect. Therefore, under the new normal of China's economic growth, the industrial policy, which takes fostering competitive market as the core, should become an important policy tool to promote the transformation of economic growth power.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学产业经济研究院;江西财经大学规制研究中心;江西财经大学图书馆;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金地区项目“利润侵蚀工资:不完全竞争的收入分配效应研究”(批准号71563013) 教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“我国跨企业的资源错配问题研究:基于金融扭曲的视角”(批准号13YJA790036)
【分类号】：F273.1;F425

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