河南省制造业升级的影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-08-26 20:31
【摘要】：制造业是由较多传统行业组成的并且多以加工、制造为主的行业,人们的衣食住行都与制造业有着紧密的联系。国家在发展过程中需要雄厚的资金作为支持,而经济的良好发展可以为其提供充足的资金支持,所以经济的快速、有序、健康的发展就成为了一个国家强大的必要条件,而制造业是所有这一切正常发展的基础。小到洗漱、吃饭、穿衣、出行所用到的各种生活用品,出行所用的自行车、电动车、汽车等各种交通工具等都是通过加工制造得到的。大到各种生产设备、飞机、大炮等也都是通过高级制造业的加工制造得到的。没有制造业作为支撑,人们的日常生活就无法正常进行,更别说发展。所以大力发展制造业就成了经济发展的基础,也是促进经济快速发展的途径之一。虽然制造业中有很多属于大众认为的低技术含量的传统制造加工业,但并不代表其没有发展、创新的价值。传统行业也可以因为其生产制造过程的不传统而得到发展,因为其产品的方便、创新而受到更多的认可和赞赏。而且制造业中也不乏关系到国家安全、体现国家发达程度的高端科技产品,航空器、火箭、飞机等代表一个国家军事实力、综合实力、科技发达程度的高端产品,也都是制造业的典型代表。而发达国家往往都在这些领域处于领先地位,并且很多产品最先都是在军事方面得到研发、应用,它们最后都会因为其高科技性、便捷性而在人们的生活领域得到认可和快速的应用与发展。因此各个国家都很重视制造业的发展。我国也不例外,2014年被首次提出的“中国制造2025”就是我国对制造业重视的直接体现,自从“中国制造2025”被我国列入发展计划提出以来,近些年来就在各种大大小小的会议上被多次的强调,可见我国近些年来对制造业的重视程度不但没有降低反而在提高。这一系列的政策、计划,也足以证明制造业的重要性。而作为中原经济区建设主体的河南,也同样需要响应国家号召,在新型工业化进程中壮大一批以制造业为支撑的主导产业,通过建立现代产业体系来推动产业升级。河南省,一直以来都是人口大省,虽然也是农业大省,但人均占有量较低。在河南省的三大产业中,第一产业比重高,第二、三产业比重低,重工业比重高,轻污染、高附加值型产业比重低。近年来,随着河南省逐渐由农业大省向工业大省转变,河南省制造业的规模不断扩大、效益不断提高,自主创新能力和研发水平明显提高,产业整体竞争力稳步提升,对经济的发展起到了支撑和带动作用。但是随着经济发展方式的转变和产业结构的调整,河南省的制造业企业也暴露出了明显的矛盾和问题。具体表现为:重型工业比重大,对资源和能源的依赖程度高、消耗大,污染性高,很多都是以破环环境为代价来换取一时的经济利润。先进制造业发展不足,拥有优秀人才、尖端技术的企业较少,生产性服务业相对滞后,产业集群经济实力弱,诸多领域被锁定在全球价值链的低端环节。关于产业升级的研究较多,本文基于全球价值链视角,认为产业升级应是使产品附加值提高的生产要素改进、结构改变、生产效率与产品质量提高。相对应河南省的制造业,其产品附加值低及多数企业处于全球价值链低端环节的事实又一次表明河南省应该重视其制造业升级,积极主动的提出相应发展措施,并且应确保其实施。本论文的研究内容主要包括五个部分,第一部分是本文的研究背景,意义,关于产业升级的相关理论,产业升级的内涵等相关内容。第二部分通过《河南省统计年鉴》、国家产权局等相关网站数据,分阶段分析河南省制造业的现状,得出了河南省制造业目前仍处在全球价值链的低端环节这样的事实。高污染、低产出型、劳动密集型产业所占比重仍然较高。第三部分通过上章对河南省制造业现状的分析,列出了可能影响河南省制造业升级的相关因素,主要包括技术创新、研发资金投入、高级人力资本、市场结构和融资结构这五个方面,并且提出了五个假设,即以上得出的影响因素均显著的影响河南省制造业升级。第四部分利用eviews软件,通过实证分析,检验上一部分提出的假设,得出了以下的结论:技术创新、研发资金投入、研发人员投入、市场结构、融资结构中的政府资金投入比例均显著地影响着河南省制造业的产业升级,除了融资结构中的政府资金比例对河南省制造业产业升级的影响是负的以外,其余变量的影响效果均为正。研发人员投入对产业升级的影响效果优于专利申请数,专利申请数对产业升级的影响效果优于研发资金投入,而新产品销售收入的效果最小。产业集中度越低,产业升级效果越好。基于这样的分析结果,得出了第五部分的结论:要重视技术创新,重视人才的引进及培养、加大对技术创新资金的投入,并且增加行业多样性。此外,不能仅仅埋头搞研发,追求专利数量,更多的要将研究成果转化为产品的实际销售量,转化为实际的利润。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is made up of many traditional industries and is mainly processed and manufactured. People's clothing, food, shelter and transportation are closely related to manufacturing industry. The country needs strong financial support in the process of development, and the sound economic development can provide sufficient financial support, so the economy is fast, orderly and healthy. Development has become a strong and necessary condition for a country, and manufacturing is the basis for all this normal development. Small to wash, eat, dress, travel used in a variety of daily necessities, bicycles, electric cars, automobiles and other means of transportation are produced through processing. Large to a variety of production equipment, flying. Machinery, cannon and so on are also obtained through the processing and manufacturing of advanced manufacturing industry. Without the support of manufacturing industry, people's daily life can not be normal, let alone development. The traditional manufacturing and processing industries with low technological content, however, do not represent the value of development and innovation. Traditional industries can also be developed because of the unconventional manufacturing process, because of the convenience and innovation of their products, which are more recognized and appreciated. Advanced high-end technology products, such as aircraft, rocket, aircraft, which represent a country's military strength, comprehensive strength, high-end technology development, are also typical of the manufacturing industry. Every country attaches great importance to the development of manufacturing industry. China is no exception. Made in China 2025, which was first put forward in 2014, is the direct embodiment of our country's emphasis on manufacturing industry since "Made in China 2025". "Since it was put forward in the development plan of our country, it has been emphasized many times in various conferences in recent years, which shows that the importance of manufacturing industry has not been reduced but increased in recent years. Henan also needs to respond to the call of the state to strengthen a number of leading industries supported by manufacturing in the process of new industrialization and promote industrial upgrading by establishing a modern industrial system. In recent years, with Henan Province gradually changing from a large agricultural province to an industrial province, the scale of Henan Province's manufacturing industry has been expanding continuously, the efficiency has been improving continuously, the independent innovation ability and R&D level have been improved obviously, and the overall competitiveness of the industry has been improved. However, with the transformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of industrial structure, Henan's manufacturing enterprises have also exposed obvious contradictions and problems. Advanced manufacturing industry is underdeveloped, there are fewer enterprises with excellent talents, less enterprises with advanced technology, relatively lagging producer services, weak economic strength of industrial clusters, and many fields are locked in the low-end link of the global value chain. From the perspective of the global value chain, the paper holds that industrial upgrading should be the improvement of production factors, structural changes, production efficiency and product quality. The fact that the value-added products of Henan Province are low and most enterprises are at the low end of the global value chain indicates that Henan Province should attach importance to the upgrading of its manufacturing industry. This paper mainly includes five parts. The first part is the research background and significance of this paper, the related theory of industrial upgrading, the connotation of industrial upgrading and other related content. The second part is through the "Statistical Yearbook of Henan Province", the State Property Office and other related networks. Station data, phased analysis of the current situation of manufacturing industry in Henan Province, Henan Province is still in the low-end of the global value chain, the fact that the manufacturing industry in Henan Province is still in the low-end link. High pollution, low output, labor-intensive industries still account for a higher proportion. The relevant factors of manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province mainly include technological innovation, R&D capital investment, advanced human capital, market structure and financing structure. Five hypotheses are put forward, that is, the above factors have significant impact on manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province. The hypothesis put forward in the previous part draws the following conclusions: technological innovation, R&D capital investment, R&D personnel investment, market structure, the proportion of government capital investment in the financing structure have a significant impact on the upgrading of Henan manufacturing industry, in addition to the proportion of government capital in the financing structure of Henan manufacturing industry upgrading impact The effect of R&D personnel investment on industrial upgrading is better than the number of patent applications. The effect of patent application number on industrial upgrading is better than that of R&D capital investment, while the effect of new product sales revenue is the smallest. The conclusion of the fifth part is that we should attach importance to technological innovation, the introduction and cultivation of talents, increase investment in technological innovation funds, and increase the diversity of industries.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F427
本文编号：2206072
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is made up of many traditional industries and is mainly processed and manufactured. People's clothing, food, shelter and transportation are closely related to manufacturing industry. The country needs strong financial support in the process of development, and the sound economic development can provide sufficient financial support, so the economy is fast, orderly and healthy. Development has become a strong and necessary condition for a country, and manufacturing is the basis for all this normal development. Small to wash, eat, dress, travel used in a variety of daily necessities, bicycles, electric cars, automobiles and other means of transportation are produced through processing. Large to a variety of production equipment, flying. Machinery, cannon and so on are also obtained through the processing and manufacturing of advanced manufacturing industry. Without the support of manufacturing industry, people's daily life can not be normal, let alone development. The traditional manufacturing and processing industries with low technological content, however, do not represent the value of development and innovation. Traditional industries can also be developed because of the unconventional manufacturing process, because of the convenience and innovation of their products, which are more recognized and appreciated. Advanced high-end technology products, such as aircraft, rocket, aircraft, which represent a country's military strength, comprehensive strength, high-end technology development, are also typical of the manufacturing industry. Every country attaches great importance to the development of manufacturing industry. China is no exception. Made in China 2025, which was first put forward in 2014, is the direct embodiment of our country's emphasis on manufacturing industry since "Made in China 2025". "Since it was put forward in the development plan of our country, it has been emphasized many times in various conferences in recent years, which shows that the importance of manufacturing industry has not been reduced but increased in recent years. Henan also needs to respond to the call of the state to strengthen a number of leading industries supported by manufacturing in the process of new industrialization and promote industrial upgrading by establishing a modern industrial system. In recent years, with Henan Province gradually changing from a large agricultural province to an industrial province, the scale of Henan Province's manufacturing industry has been expanding continuously, the efficiency has been improving continuously, the independent innovation ability and R&D level have been improved obviously, and the overall competitiveness of the industry has been improved. However, with the transformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of industrial structure, Henan's manufacturing enterprises have also exposed obvious contradictions and problems. Advanced manufacturing industry is underdeveloped, there are fewer enterprises with excellent talents, less enterprises with advanced technology, relatively lagging producer services, weak economic strength of industrial clusters, and many fields are locked in the low-end link of the global value chain. From the perspective of the global value chain, the paper holds that industrial upgrading should be the improvement of production factors, structural changes, production efficiency and product quality. The fact that the value-added products of Henan Province are low and most enterprises are at the low end of the global value chain indicates that Henan Province should attach importance to the upgrading of its manufacturing industry. This paper mainly includes five parts. The first part is the research background and significance of this paper, the related theory of industrial upgrading, the connotation of industrial upgrading and other related content. The second part is through the "Statistical Yearbook of Henan Province", the State Property Office and other related networks. Station data, phased analysis of the current situation of manufacturing industry in Henan Province, Henan Province is still in the low-end of the global value chain, the fact that the manufacturing industry in Henan Province is still in the low-end link. High pollution, low output, labor-intensive industries still account for a higher proportion. The relevant factors of manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province mainly include technological innovation, R&D capital investment, advanced human capital, market structure and financing structure. Five hypotheses are put forward, that is, the above factors have significant impact on manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province. The hypothesis put forward in the previous part draws the following conclusions: technological innovation, R&D capital investment, R&D personnel investment, market structure, the proportion of government capital investment in the financing structure have a significant impact on the upgrading of Henan manufacturing industry, in addition to the proportion of government capital in the financing structure of Henan manufacturing industry upgrading impact The effect of R&D personnel investment on industrial upgrading is better than the number of patent applications. The effect of patent application number on industrial upgrading is better than that of R&D capital investment, while the effect of new product sales revenue is the smallest. The conclusion of the fifth part is that we should attach importance to technological innovation, the introduction and cultivation of talents, increase investment in technological innovation funds, and increase the diversity of industries.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F427
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